Tobacco Unit 9

Bell Activity Tobacco may be found in all of the following except: A. Cigarettes B. Snuff C. Dip D. Alcohol

Health Goal # 25 I will avoid tobacco use.

Tobacco Use Tobacco use leads to disease and disability. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, and lung diseases (including emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction). For every person who dies from a smoking-related disease, 20 more people suffer with at least one serious illness from smoking.

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death. Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by 2030. In the United States, tobacco use is responsible for about one in five deaths annually (i.e., about 443,000 deaths per year, and an estimated 49,000 of these tobacco-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure). On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.

The cigarette industry spends billions each year on advertising and promotions. $12.5 billion total spent in 2006 $34 million spent a day in 2006

Tobacco use costs the United States billions of dollars each year. Cigarette smoking costs more than $193 billion (i.e., $97 billion in lost productivity plus $96 billion in health care expenditures). Secondhand smoke costs more than $10 billion (i.e., health care expenditures, morbidity, and mortality).

Percentages Percentage of U.S. adults who were current smokers in 2009: 20.6% of all adults (46.6 million people) 21.3% of African American adults 23.2% of American Indian/Alaska Native adults 12.0% of Asian American adults 14.5% of Hispanic adults 22.1% of white adults

Stopping Many adult smokers want or try to quit smoking. Approximately 70% of smokers want to quit completely. Approximately 45% of smokers attempted to quit in 2008.

It is harmful! Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Smoking causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general.

Smoking causes death… The adverse health effects from cigarette smoking account for an estimated 443,000 deaths, or nearly one of every five deaths, each year in the United States.2,3 More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined.2,4 Smoking causes an estimated 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in women.1 An estimated 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive lung disease are caused by smoking

coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times,1,5 stroke by 2 to 4 times,1,6 Compared with nonsmokers, smoking is estimated to increase the risk of— coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times,1,5 stroke by 2 to 4 times,1,6 men developing lung cancer by 23 times,1 women developing lung cancer by 13 times,1 and dying from chronic obstructive lung diseases (such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema) by 12 to 13 times.

Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States.1 Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (arteries) and puts smokers at risk of developing peripheral vascular disease (i.e., obstruction of the large arteries in the arms and legs that can cause a range of problems from pain to tissue loss or gangrene).1,7 Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm (i.e., a swelling or weakening of the main artery of the body—the aorta—where it runs through the abdomen).

Smoking & Respiratory Disease Smoking causes lung cancer. Smoking causes lung diseases (e.g., emphysema, bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction) by damaging the airways and alveoli (i.e., small air sacs) of the lungs.

Smoking and Cancer Smoking causes the following cancers: Acute myeloid leukemia Bladder cancer Cancer of the cervix Cancer of the esophagus Kidney cancer Cancer of the larynx (voice box) Lung cancer Cancer of the oral cavity (mouth) Cancer of the pharynx (throat) Stomach cancer Cancer of the uterus

Smoking & Other Health Effects Smoking has many adverse reproductive and early childhood effects, including increased risk for— infertility, preterm delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Adverse health effects… Smoking is associated with the following adverse health effects: Postmenopausal women who smoke have lower bone density than women who never smoked. Women who smoke have an increased risk for hip fracture than women who never smoked.

Assignment Write a short essay (one paragraph) on how tobacco can negatively affect someone’s life.

Lesson 2 Bell Activity – Choose the best answer Second hand smoke is: A. Harmful, no matter how long you are exposed. B. Harmful if you are exposed for an hour or longer. C. Harmful if you are exposed every day for a week. D. Harmful if you are exposed for a long amount of time.

Health Goal # 26 I will avoid second hand smoke.

Second Hand Smoke Secondhand smoke is a mixture of gases and fine particles that includes— Smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip Smoke that has been exhaled or breathed out by the person or people smoking, and1 More than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer.

Where does it happen? Most exposure to secondhand smoke occurs in homes and workplaces. Secondhand smoke exposure also continues to occur in public places such as restaurants, bars, and casinos and in private vehicles.

In children, secondhand smoke causes the following: Ear infections More frequent and severe asthma attacks Respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing, sneezing, shortness of breath) Respiratory infections (i.e., bronchitis, pneumonia) A greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

In children aged 18 months or younger, secondhand smoke exposure is responsible for— an estimated 150,000–300,000 new cases of bronchitis and pneumonia annually, and approximately 7,500–15,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States

Heart Disease For nonsmokers, breathing secondhand smoke has immediate harmful effects on the cardiovascular system that can increase the risk for heart attack. People who already have heart disease are at especially high risk.

Cont’d… Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their heart disease risk by 25–30%. Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 46,000 heart disease deaths annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States

Lung Cancer and Smoke Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their lung cancer risk by 20–30%. Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 3,400 lung cancer deaths annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States.

Did you know? There is no risk-free level of contact with secondhand smoke; even brief exposure can be harmful to health.

What happens? When a nonsmoker breathes in secondhand smoke, the body begins to metabolize or break down the nicotine that was in the smoke. During this process, a nicotine byproduct called cotinine is created. Exposure to nicotine and secondhand smoke can be measured by testing saliva, urine, or blood for the presence of cotinine.

Getting Away Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces is the only way to fully protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke exposure. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings does not eliminate secondhand smoke exposure.

Smokeless Tobacco The two main types of smokeless tobacco in the United States are chewing tobacco and snuff. Smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes. Smokeless tobacco use can cause cancer, oral health problems, and nicotine addiction

Snuff Although some forms of snuff can be used by sniffing or inhaling into the nose, most smokeless tobacco users place the product between their gum and cheek. Users suck or chew on the tobacco, and saliva can be spat out or swallowed. The tobacco industry has also developed newer smokeless tobacco products such as lozenges, tablets, tabs, strips, and sticks

Health Effects Cancer Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing agents (carcinogens). Smokeless tobacco is a known cause of human cancer; it increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity.

Oral Health Smokeless tobacco is also strongly associated with leukoplakia—a precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off. Smokeless tobacco is associated with recession of the gums, gum disease, and tooth decay.

Nicotine Addiction Smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence. Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette smokers

NOT SAFE! Smokeless tobacco is not a safe substitute for smoking cigarettes.

Discussion How does smokeless tobacco affect a person? Why is second hand smoke harmful?

Lesson 3 Bell Activity Tobacco use is: A. Harmful B. Illegal for anyone younger than 18 C. Not cool D. All of the above

Health Goal # 27 I will not succumb to advertisements that are geared toward my age group when dealing with tobacco.

The Truth The Truth About Tobacco