7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 1 III. Performance Indicators Reveal “Stars and Stripes” Has Been a Highly Significant Success The following three statistical charts for Stars and Stripes Performance indicators are for the two years preceding the program and its first years in existence. Since those early days, the performance indicators have maintained the low numbers of the early dramatic decrease in problems.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 2 Description of the Characteristics of the Harris County Youth Village as of August 2002 Average Daily Population: 119 Average Length of Stay: 3.9 months Number of Youths in Program Per Year: 392 Percentage of Juvenile: – Felons 54 % –Misdemeanants 46 % Cost per Bed per day $69.50 Annual Cost per Youth per Year $25,367 Percentage of Recidivists (new offenses) 16% Only 6% on Psychiatric Medications

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 3 Stars and Stripes Brings a Dramatic Decrease in Injuries and Costs of Medical Care Medical costs due to injuries while on duty that resulted in medical care showed a dramatic decrease from 1993 before “Stars and Stripes” through 1995 after “Stars and Stripes was initiated. “Stars and Stripes” was officially begun in May of 1994.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 4 Number of Injuries versus Those Needing and Receiving Medical Attention: by Months for Red bars = Number of Injuries Blue bars = Injuries Needing and Receiving Medical Attention

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 5 INJURY AND MEDICAL ATTENTION RATES FOR WITH PERCENTAGE DECREASE BETWEEN 1995 AND BOTH 1994 AND HCYV Estimates Based on # of Injured Seeking Medical Attention: Worker's Compensation for HCYV Stars and Stripes down: 2 and 1/2 times lower. Based on HCJPD Annual Statistical Report: Worker's Compensation for Harris Co. Juvenile Probation Dept. is 2 times higher.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 6 Stars and Stripes Brings Dramatic Decrease in AWOLs AWOLs showed a dramatic decrease from two years prior to “Stars and Stripes” through two years after “Stars and Stripes was initiated.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 7 Stars and Stripes Reduces AWOLs Annual Chart 1992 Two Years Pre through 1996 Two Years Post Stars and Stripes

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 8 AWOL CHART by Year and Months,

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 9 STATISTICS FOR AWOLS 1992 THROUGH 1996

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 10 Stars And Stripes Brings Dramatic Drop In Violence And Restraints Fights and Violence Requiring Manual or Mechanical Restraint Dropped Dramatically only after Stars and Stripes had been in Place for the first year.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 11 Restraint Type and Fights: 1993 One Year Pre through 1995 One Year Post Stars and Stripes

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 12 Stats on Restraint Types and Fights 1993 One Year Pre through 1995 One Year Post Stars and Stripes

7/22/2002Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD13 Statistics for the Education Department from 1999 through August of In the past 3 years, 192 residents have received their GED’s 2.Recent TASS test results were: Writing MathReading 100% 60% 84.6% 3. Many students gain as many as three grade levels during their stay

7/22/2002Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD14 Table 5 Formal Program Feature Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis 2613 TOTAL FEATURES ADDRESSED OF 28 Yes. 28. Comprehensive aftercare Yes Yes. 27. Pre-release counseling program YesYes. 26. Higher level youths assigned to work sites outside institution in community YesYes. 25. Multi-family counseling / parenting classes for parents &/or families Yes. 24. Family counseling Yes. 23. Community government to provide democratic group problem solving, group self discipline, & rewards to encourage responsibility for quality of community life Yes. 22. Psycho-educational groups to teach requirements & required skills for progress through levels Yes. 21. Group counseling Yes Yes. 20. Counseling for addiction problems Yes. 19. Individual counseling Yes. 18. Formal ceremonies for level achievements & rewards provided for delayed feedback & consequences Yes. 17. Graduated levels of demonstrated increased responsibility lead to graduated increases in freedoms & privileges Yes. 16. Regular, quantitative evaluation of progress toward goals: Pro-social roles, character & behavior change, & work Yes. 15. Maturity coaches to coach in immediate, home-like situations & provide immediate feedback & consequences School Phys. Ed. Yes. 14. Exercise & physical conditioning programs Yes. 12. Graduated responsible work assignments Yes 10. Formal Correctional Modality to deal with behavior & underlying dynamics of residents with explosive tendencies Yes. 9. Due Process (Teen Court) Yes 8. Family Mediation & Contracts Yes. 7. Mediation: Formal and/or Informal Yes. 6. Peer counseling, buddy system Yes. 5. Advanced peers orienting newcomers to rules, procedures, schedules, work responsibilities & consequences Yes. 4. Support Teams as surrogate parents to provide bonding, guidance, & feedback in youth’s use of own judgment in decision making & work through adolescent emancipation vs. rebellion processes Yes. 3. Natural home like situations provided with choices & consequences to enhance transfer of training for post release good behavior Yes. 2. Explicit rules, prohibitions, deprivations, contraband, regimented behavior, explicit costs for infractions 1. Formal, initial risk assessment Youth Village Boot Camp FORMAL PROGRAM FEATURES Yes 11. Remedial education & tutoring using volunteers & peers Yes. 13. Formal sports programs & events

7/22/2002Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD15 Table 6 Program Character Factors Targeted for Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis 307Total Character Factors Targeted Out Of 30 Yes. 30. Learning to resist negative peer pressure using own judgment in institution & transfer this skill to home community. Yes. 29. Learning a new, positive self concept & social identity Yes. 28. Learning to cooperate & compete effectively, be a good sport, team player in sports and group activities & projects Yes. 27. Learning to solve family conflicts with negotiation & mediation & compromise Yes. 26. Learning to effectively communicate in formal groups & listen carefully, especially to feelings, group consensus & decision making about negative sanctions & consequences, complaints, program changes, & projects for Dorm rewards Yes. 25.Taking responsibility for quality of community life Yes. 24.Learning accurate self estimation & self esteem Yes. 23.Learning to work for & achieve freedom, rewards, & privileges Yes. 22.Learning work responsibility & skills, self initiative, doing one’s share, doing one’s best Yes. 21.Learning sharing, fairness, respect for possessions, & reciprocation of goods & services Yes. 20.Learning to take perspective of other person, consider feelings: empathy Yes. 19.Learning to take turns & respect opinions in discussions Yes. 18.Learning manners, mutual respect, politeness, confidentiality Yes. 17.Learning to solve peer conflicts with negotiation & mediation & compromise Yes. 16.Learning pro-social roles & handling freedom and privilege responsibly, especially freedom on weekend pass Yes. 15.Learning to have fun without hurting or being destructive Yes. 14.Learning to respect other’s time & limitations, patience, dependability, reliability Yes. 13.Temporal perspective, planning, goal setting, follow through & evaluation Yes. 12.Learning to express feelings appropriately: transparency Yes. 11.Learning to deal with stress, pressure, & emotional pain without resorting to rage, withdrawal, or substance abuse Yes. 10.Learning to endure hardships, failure, & setbacks gracefully Yes. 9.Learn to give negative feedback & confrontation diplomatically Yes. 8.Learning to accept discipline & punishment Yes. 7.Learning respect for possessions & property Yes. 6.Learning to be straight forward, honest, & not manipulate or deceive Yes. 5.Learning to accept authority & instructions & commands, & make use of criticism & correction, not take it personally, avoid projecting blame Yes. 4.Handling interpersonal conflicts with tolerance & talking it out; Learning proper gender relations Yes. 3.Learning self insight & ways of dealing with intrapersonal conflicts, emotional pain, fears & anxieties; addictions; avoiding revenge; talking out one’s resentments & frustrations Yes. 2.Learning & incorporating rules, codes, & program routines & schedules Yes. 1.Emphasize educated use of own judgment by youth, responsibility for self & consequences HCY V Boot CampCHARACTER FACTORS TARGETED IN TYPES OF PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

7/22/2002Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD16 Table 7 Program Comparisons for Evaluation and Cost Benefit Analysis 22. Cost per youth in aftercare 21. Length in aftercare 20. No. of Offenses against Community per year (Charges vs. Convictions) 1_______ 2_______ 3_______ 19. Cost per success based on post release non-recidivism: 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 1_______ 2_______ 3_______ 18. Recidivism per number served per year: % success for each of 3 yrs. Post release 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 17. Average assessed positive indicators at one year Post release 16. Average risk assessment at one year Post release 15. Average risk assessment at completion of program 14. No. Successfully completing official program per year 13. Number of property offense incidents in institution 16. Number requiring Medical Attention 15. Number of Injuries 14. Number of Mechanical Restraints 13. Number of Manual Restraints 12. Number of assault offense incidents in institution $8,289.00$24, Cost per youth served per year 3.87 mos.10. Average length of stay Number of youths served per year 8. Number of escapes per year (attempts vs. AWOL) 7. Number of dismissals, transfers from program $26,033.00$33, Cost per bed per year Bed capacity extreme to moderate danger - 4 & 3 moderate danger- 3 & 2 4. Dangerousness of offenders served * Based on Offender’s criminal record and social history. Risk Assessment = Hi Risk Lo Risk Number of beds 2. Annual grant supplements $3,150,000$1,500,0001. Annual budget YOUTH VILLAGEDELTA 3 BOOT CAMPCOST BENEFIT ANALYSIS by INSTITUTION or PROGRAM These figures are outdated by about eight years.

7/22/2002Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD17 Annual Cost Comparisons between Stars and Stripes, Delta Boot Camp, and Burnet Baylin Home as of 1995 YV = Harris Count Youth Village – Stars and Stripes BBH = Burnet Baylin, a traditional institution BC = Boot Camp

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 18 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS LEAD TO INCREASED BENEFITS TO THE INSTITUTION AND TO RESIDENTS These statistical performance indicators have remained at a minimal level for eight years. Other performance indicators had a similar dramatic reduction and have remained at a very low level. As a result, staff have the time and have become reoriented to coaching, encouraging, recognizing and rewarding residents. Higher level Stripes and Stars have been able to reorient to mentoring and tutoring beginners. Both staff and residents can now redirect their attention and efforts to conceiving and executing positive projects and to the ongoing development and improvement of the program. Residents are in a position to take advantage of new innovative programs that are being added all the time. The surrounding community not only is no longer worried about being victimized by AWOLs, but have become so impressed with seeing the remarkable turnaround of these young men that they write about it in the local newspapers and have been contributing gift certificates and equipment as a form of recognition and reward to residents and the institution.

7/22/2002 Copyright Edwin L. Young, PhD 19 The Paradox of Positive Outcomes To get good outcome ‘numbers’, you have to focus on inner processes. To get the inner processes that lead to success, you have to focus on the Structures of the Host Environment that promote and evoke positive growth processes. The outer indicators let you know if the right inner processes are being nurtured. Hence the paradox : to get the right outer you have to focus on the inner and to get the right inner you have to focus on the outer. Natural Systems has the Duplex Pyramid as its logo because it represents this paradoxical dual focus.