Reformation and Catholic Reformation Ch 5.3 and 5.4
What was wrong with the Church? Corruption –Too concerned with politics and interests People wanted the assurance of salvation and got indulgences from the Church –Could buy from the Church and they gave release from sin Clergy didn’t care about spiritual needs of the people, only interested in money
Martin Luther and his Beliefs Monk in Wittenberg, Germany Justification: salvation through faith ALONE God grants salvation because he is merciful, not because he can be won over by good works Bible is ONLY source of religious truth
95 Theses October 13, 1517 Luther sent a list of 95 complaints that attacked the abuses of the Catholic Church –Included attack against the sale of indulgences Pope Leo X didn’t take it seriously
What happened to Luther? Many German leaders supported Luther and formed state churches They protected him after Edict of Worms where he was made an outlaw in the empire Excommunicated from Church in 1521 Peace of Augsburg (1555) settled the issue and warfare in Holy Roman Empire
Lutheranism is Born Lutheranism: 1 st Protestant faith, Luther’s new religion –Protestant faith: one that began because of a break with the Catholic Church New religious service: Bible readings, preaching the word of God, song 2 sacraments: baptism and communion Ministers allowed to marry (all Protestant faiths)
Calvinism Protestants in Switzerland –John Calvin (from France) became leader –Predestination: God determined before birth who was to be saved (elect) and who would be damned (the reprobate) –Geneva: Calvinist church government
English Reformation Henry VIII: wanted to divorce wife because no male heir produced –Not granted an annulment by the Church Catherine of Aragon: 1 st wife, had Mary Anne Boleyn: 2 nd wife, had Elizabeth Act of Supremacy of 1534: declared the king the head of the Church of England/Anglican Church –Church remained close to Catholic teachings
Henry’s other wives –Jane Seymour –Anne of Cleves –Katheryn Howard –Katherine Parr Thomas Moore: devout Catholic that didn’t support the king’s actions –Beheaded –Later sainted
Henry’s Children Edward VI –Sickly 9 yr old when became king –Church moved in more Protestant direction –Clergy could marry –New Protestant church service –Rapid changes created opposition Mary I (became Queen in 1553) –Wanted to restore Catholicism –“Bloody Mary” had >300 Protestants burned as heretics –England was more Protestant by end of her reign Elizabeth –Benevolent Queen of England –Protestant Queen
Catholic Reformation Catholic Church’s attempt to revitalize the Church Ignatius of Loyola: established the Society of the Jesuits –Used education to spread their message
Council of Trent –Met off and on for 18 yrs, established by Pope Paul III –Kept traditional Catholic beliefs Faith and good works necessary for salvation Kept 7 sacraments and clerical celibacy No more selling of indulgences www-personal.ksu.edu/.../Council_of_Trent.jpg
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press Spread the ideas of the Reformation mages/image_112.jpg
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