I NNOVATIONS IN THE R USSIAN NONPROFIT SECTOR Research fellow, Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector, Associate professor at the Department of Economics and Management in Nonprofit Nongovernmental organizations State University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia Chair of the Board, Organization of Retired persons Wisdom Ripening, Tuymazy, Bashkortostan

A KNOWLEDGEMENTS In this presentation I use various data and research results obtained within several research projects fulfilled by the team of the Centre for Studies of Civil Society and Nonprofit Sector, State University Higher School of Economics in

History of the nonprofit sector in Russia Overview of the sector today Innovations What helps & what doesn’t at country level What helps & what doesn’t at organizational level Examples

H ISTORY OF THE SECTOR Before – 1991 After 1991

R ECENT H ISTORY 1991 – beginning of 2000s investments of international community for NGO capacity building NGO resource centers started functioning 2005 New NGO law and new difficulties, started to force out foreign donors 2007 President’s grants for NGO projects 2009 Government is ready to support the development of the NGO sector and is actively seeking forms of such support 2010 Law on socially oriented NGOs 2011 Subsidies of the Ministry of Economic Development for development of the sector 2012 Law on foreign agents 2015 Law on undesirable organizations

Nonprofit oranizations today photo ■ In accordance with the Russian legislation, a nonprofit organization (NPO) is an organization established for purposes other than income generation ■ More than 430,000 officially registered NPOs (state/municipal organizations not included) ■ Actually working are about 40 per cent of those officially registered ■ General level of involvement in voluntary work in nonprofit sector is 3.02% of the economically active population (3.2% of the employed population). 6 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 7 NGOs: main fields of activity (per cent) 7 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

I NNOVATIONS AT COUNTRY LEVEL

What helps & what doesn’t at country level Stakeholder involvement Values aligned to the community Resource diversification (including volunteers) Level of financial sustainability Level of citizen engagement Level of trust to NGOs

T RUST

Высшая школа экономики, Москва, 2011 фото Х АРАКТЕРНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО СЕКТОРА С АНКТ - П ЕТЕРБУРГА 11 Most people can be trusted or you should be careful dealing with other people? EVS, 2012 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

T RUST NGO S ( AT LEAST ONE KIND ) Данные мегаопросов населения по технологии Георейтинга (ГРАНС-центр ГУ-ВШЭ и ФОМ, 2009, 83 субъекта РФ, по 500 человек в каждом субъекте)

K NOW ABOUT AT LEAST ONE NGO OF ONE KIND IN THEIR COMMUNITY

E NGAGEMENT

Высшая школа экономики, Москва, 2011 фото Х АРАКТЕРНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО СЕКТОРА С АНКТ - П ЕТЕРБУРГА 15 Do people usually help each other or care only about themselves? EVS, 2012 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 16 Percentage of volunteers in nonprofit sector* *Data by the Center for Civil Society Studies, John’s Hopkins University in frames of Comparative Non-profit Sector Project. 16 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Высшая школа экономики, Москва, 2011 фото Х АРАКТЕРНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО СЕКТОРА С АНКТ - П ЕТЕРБУРГА 17 Signed petition last 12 months EVS, 2012 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Высшая школа экономики, Москва, 2011 фото Х АРАКТЕРНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО СЕКТОРА С АНКТ - П ЕТЕРБУРГА 18 Worked in a political party or action group last 12 months EVS, 2012 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Высшая школа экономики, Москва, 2011 фото Х АРАКТЕРНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ТРЕТЬЕГО СЕКТОРА С АНКТ - П ЕТЕРБУРГА 19 Worked in another organization or association last 12 months EVS, 2012 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 20 Community engagement in charitable activities During the last year have you volunteered for the benefit of other people who are not your family or relatives? If yes, how often did you volunteer? During the last year, have you made any charitable donations, given money to people who is in need and whom you don't know personally (including beggars)? If yes, then how often? 20 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 21 During the last year besides working at my job I have volunteered for the benefit of other people 21 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

R ESOURCES &S USTAINABILITY

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 23 Distribution of answers for the question: «What sources of funding does your organization have?» (per cent of respondents) Sources of NGO funding 23 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 24 Distribution of answers for the question: «How do you assess the economical situation of your organization today?» Economic sustainability of NGOs 24 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

S TAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

What are your relations with other organizations? Источник: Мерсиянова И.В. Презентация для программы повышения квалификации сотрудников СОНКО и органов государственного и муниципального управления. – 2012 г.

Relations with these people and organizations make your work harder or easier? Источник: Мерсиянова И.В. Презентация для программы повышения квалификации сотрудников СОНКО и органов государственного и муниципального управления. – 2012 г.

I NNOVATIONS AT ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL

С ТЕПЕНЬ ИННОВАЦИОННОСТИ НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ Number of paid employees, Professional level of employees, Specialization, Transformation leadership style Innovations oriented management, Period of time leader occupies his/her position Diversity and size of board, Transparency and following industry standards

Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2012 photo 30 Distribution of answers for the question: «Number of permanent staff employees in 2012» Staff employees and volunteers Distribution of answers for the question: «On the average, how many volunteers work for your organization every month? (all NPOs)» 30 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 2013

A VERAGE SALARY OF YOUR EMPLOYEES LAST YEAR Источник: Мерсиянова И.В. Презентация для программы повышения квалификации сотрудников СОНКО и органов государственного и муниципального управления. – 2012 г.

«I N YOUR OPINION TO WHAT EXTENT YOUR QUALIFICATIONS ARE ADEQUATE TO YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES ?» (1 ANSWER, %) *2012 г., сотрудники СОНКО Absolutely Mostly adequate Mostly not adequate Not sure

«I S THERE A NEED FOR YOU TO IMPROVE YOUR PROFESSIONAL SKILLS RELATED TO YOUR NGO FUNCTIONING » (1 ANSWER, %) *2012 г. Definitely yes’ Probably yes Probably no Definitely no

W HAT KIND OF SKILLS AND EXPERTISE NGO EMPLOYEES SEE AS NEEDED TO IMPROVE *2010 All kinds of skills and expertise, 48% General skills and expertise, 4% Skills and expertise related to NGO activities, 15% Do not have such needs, 33%

“H OW WOULD YOU RATE YOUR LEVEL OF EXPERTISE AS AN NGO LEADER ( EMPLOYEE ) ?” (1 ANSWER, %) *2012 г., сотрудники СОНКО Excellent Good Satisfactory Bad Not sure

T YPICAL R USSIAN I NNOVATIVE INITIATIVES Start due to initiative of one particular person Use new methods of solving local problems Extend the area of implementing by including municipal government and other stakeholders Possible official registration of an NGO Active use of social networks for communications and brining new participants Extend to solving other similar problems