FEASIBILITY STUDY OF HYBRID WOOD STEEL STRUCTURES By:Yalda Khorasani 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Wood Steel Structures by Yalda Khorasani

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures 21/04/2017 Outline Properties of Steel, Wood and Concrete Types of Hybridization Case Studies of Hybrid Structures Software Packages Investigation Hybrid Steel Frame And Wood Shear Wall Model 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Properties of Steel, Wood and Concrete 21/04/2017 Properties of Steel, Wood and Concrete Steel : Good Tension Capacity Ductile Linear Stress Strain Relation Isotropic Wood: Good Compression Capacity Low tensile Capacity Stiff Non-Linear Stress Strain Relation Orthotropic High Strength/Density Ratio Hygroscopic Material Concrete Non Linear Stress Strain Brittle Fracture 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Fig 1. Stress Strain Diagram of Steel-Tension 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Fig. 2. Stress Strain Diagram of Wood-Compression Parallel to Grain 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures Fig. 3. Stress Strain Diagram of Wood –Compression Perpendicular to Grain 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Fig. 3. Stress Strain Diagram of Concrete - Compression 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Advantages of Hybrid Wood Steel Structure 21/04/2017 Advantages of Hybrid Wood Steel Structure Increase Load Bearing Capacity Increased Seismic Performance Cost Benefits Increased Durability Higher Fire Resistance Allows Pre-Fabrication 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Types of Hybrid Structure 21/04/2017 Types of Hybrid Structure Component Level Hybridization Hybrid Bridge Decks and Slabs Hybrid Beams/Columns/Braces Hybrid Joints Structural Level Hybridization Hybrid Roof Trusses Vertical Mixed System Hybrid Steel Moment Frame and Wood Floor Diaphragm Hybrid Frames 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Structural Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Structural Level Hybridization Roof trusses: combining steel members in tension with wood members in compression Example: in Southridge School in Surry Fig. 4 Southridge School Roof Structure 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Structural Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Structural Level Hybridization Hybrid Frame:steel as column and timber as beam Sainsbury’s Dartmouth warehouse in Devon, England Fig 5. Steel Column-Glulam Roof 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Structural Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Structural Level Hybridization Building structure consisting of steel moment resisting frame and composite timber long span floor joist and plywood flooring Advantages: Cost benefits Better Seismic Performance Construction Benefits Fig 6. Steel Moment Frame and Wood Diaphragm floor 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Structural Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Structural Level Hybridization Vertical Mixed System: structural system comprised of concrete/steel first floor and wood upper storeys Advantages: Satisfy the Code requirement for fire resistance Increased load bearing capacity Fig 7. Concrete first floor, timber structure upper 8 storey 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Component Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Component Level Hybridization Flitch Beam: A steel plate sandwiched between two wood joists and bolted together Advantages: Supports heavier loads over a longer span Fig 8. Typical flitch beam 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Component Level Hybridization-Hybrid Beams 21/04/2017 Component Level Hybridization-Hybrid Beams Wood member reinforced with steel plates :wood member reinforced by steel plates on top and bottom or reinforced with steel plate in between. Advantages : increased in fire resistance improved buckling capacity increased in bending strength Fig. 9 Hybrid wood steel member 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Component Level Hybridization-Hybrid Beams 21/04/2017 Component Level Hybridization-Hybrid Beams Wooden members with built-in steel materials: H-shape steel member, square steel bar or steel plates Advantages : increased in fire resistance improved buckling capacity increased in bending strength Fig. 10 Hybrid wood steel member 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Component Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Component Level Hybridization Hybrid Bridge Deck: similar to composite construction where two different materials are bound together so that they act together as a single unit from a structural point of view. longitudinally laminated prestressed wood decking steel girders shear bulkheads: shear studs in concrete filled holes Fig. 11 Hybrid bridge deck 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Component Level Hybridization 21/04/2017 Component Level Hybridization Hybrid DuctileTimber Joint: Similar to post-tensioned precast concrete building systems. Can be used for beam-column, wall foundation or column-foundation Fig 12. Hybrid Joint 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Hybrid Steel Concrete Structure Type=Component level Composite reinforced concrete and steel moment frame structures Advantages= Cost saving Longer span Minimize field labour Joint Detail= Through beam Through column Fig. 13. Joint Detail 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Hybrid Steel-Timber Structure Type = Component Level Six storey building uses post-tensioned steel tendons in timber frames and structural walls. Advantages= Increased seismic performance Rapid erection Economical connections between the large timber elements Fig. 14. Post tensioned members 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Hybrid Concrete- Steel-Timber Structure Type = Component + Structural Level Reinforced concrete structure first storey and the second to fifth stories have a timber-based hybrid structure with built-in steel materials Advantages= Satisfy Code requirement for fire safety Increased buckling capacity Fig. 15. Hybrid members 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures ANSYS Types of analysis: Static, modal, harmonic, transient dynamic, spectrum, buckling, explicit dynamic analysis Capable of modelling: Linear and non-linear material Isotropic and Orthotropic material Composit and layered material 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Table 1. Ansys material library Linear Material Non-Linear Material Specialized Material Elastic Isotripic Elastic Inelastic ViscoElastic Gasket Elastic Anisotropic Hyperelastic Rate Independant Curve Fitting Joint Elastic Elastic Orthotropic Multilinear Elastic Rate Dependant Prony Creep   Non Metal Plasticity Maxwell Composites Cast iron Table 1. Ansys material library 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures SeismoStruct Types of analysis: Dynamic and static time-history, conventional and adaptive pushover, incremental dynamic analysis, eigenvalue, and non-variable static loading Capable of modelling: Concrete and steel but not wood 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Table 2. SeismoStruct material model Steel Reinforced Concrete Composites Bilinear steel model Trilinear concrete model Nonlinear FRP-confined concrete model Menegotto-Pinto steel model Nonlinear constant confinement concrete model Superelastic shape-memory alloys model Monti-Nuti steel model Nonlinear constant confinement concrete model with tension softening Trilinear FRP model Nonlinear variable confinement concrete model Elastic material model Nonlinear constant confinement model for high-strength concrete Table 2. SeismoStruct material model 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures SAPWood Types of analysis: Traditional nonlinear time domain earthquake excitation, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) Capable of modelling: Wood structure, shear wall and dry wall, but not steel structure. 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Table 3. SAPWood material model Wood Shear Wall Hysteretic Models Linear Bilinear SAWS Ten Parameter Model Evolutionary Parameter Hysteretic (EPHM) Model Table 3. SAPWood material model 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures OpenSees Navigator Types of analysis: Static, transient and eigenvalue Capable of modelling: Linear and non linear material (wood, steel concrete) Cannot model layered and composite materials 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Table.4. OpenSees Navigator material model Uni axial Material nD Material BoucWen ElasticCrossAnisotropic3D Concrete01 ElasticIsotropic Concrete02 FluidSolidPorous Concrete03 J2Plasticity Elastic MultiaxialCyclicPlasticity ElasticNoTension PlaneStress ElasticPP PlateFiber ElasticPPGap PressureDependMultiYield Fatigue PressureDependMultiYield02 Hardening PressureDependentElastic3D Hysteretic PressureIndependMultiYield MinMax Template3DElastoPlastic Parallel   Series Steel01 Steel02 Viscous Table.4. OpenSees Navigator material model 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures Shear Wall/Diaphragm Diaphragms and shear walls, constructed with wood structural panels such as oriented strand board (OSB) and plywood, provide the primary lateral load resisting system in many types of construction. Fig. 16. OSB Shear Wall 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures ANSYS Modelling Steel frame-OSB shear wall Type analysis: Static Purpose of analysis: See the effect of wood shear wall on deformation of the steel frame Fig.17 Steel frame wood shear wall model 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures ANSYS Modelling Analysis #1= Steel frame w/o shear wall Analysis #2 = Steel frame + shear wall Modelling OSB as linear, orthotropic with average properties of the 3 layers Analysis #3 = Steel frame + shear wall Modelling OSB as layered element with three linear orthotropic layers Fig. 18. OSB Shear Wall 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Fig. 19. Steel frame modelled with Ansys 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Fig. 20. Steel frame with OSB modelled with ANSYS 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures

Table 5. Summary of the result ANALYSYS # DEFLECTION(mm) 1 11.05 2 2.07 3 3.1 Table 5. Summary of the result 08/11/2010 Feasibility Study of Hybrid Steel Timber Structures