Prospects for Rural/Urban Cooperation in Governance Richard Clucas Professor Political Science, PSU Brent Steel Professor, Political Science, OSU Mark Henkels Professor, Political Science, WOU Moderator: Bruce Weber - Professor & Director, Rural Studies Institute, OSU

The Politics of One Oregon: The Causes, Consequences and Prospects of Overcoming the Rural-Urban Divide Professor Richard Clucas Department of Political Science Portland State University Portland, OR Professor Mark Henkels Department of Political Science Western Oregon University 345 N. Monmouth Ave. Monmouth, OR Professor Brent S. Steel Master of Public Policy Program Department of Political Science Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331

Post-industrial Society Economic dominance of the service sector over manufacturing and agriculture. A high degree of economic activity based on an educated workforce employing scientific knowledge and technology in their work. Increasing population growth and employment in urban areas (and subsequent decline in many rural areas). Unprecedented general societal affluence. High level of public mobilization in society (including the rise of new social causes and movements).

Socio-economic Characteristics of Transition from Agricultural Society to Postindustrial Society Agricultural-Natural Resource Based Economy Industrial SocietyPostindustrial Society ECONOMIC FEATURES: Sectoral DominanceAgriculture & Natural Resource Extraction ManufacturingServices Systemic CharacterLabor IntensiveCapital IntensiveKnowledge Intensive Technical ChangeSlowRapidExponential Material ConditionPoverty/SubsistenceRising ProductivityRelative Historical Affluence SOCIAL FEATURES: PopulationRuralUrbanMegalpolitan CommunityIntimateErodingImpersonal EducationLowMediumHigh Dominant ValuesBasic/Survival NeedsMaterial SecurityPostmaterialist Values?

Post-industrial Driving Forces and Politics Urbanization Demographic Change Globalization & Economic Change Technological Change Value Change Environmental Change & Concern

Rural and Urban Oregonians and Post-materialist Values: 2008 Portland MetroAll UrbanRural Materialist17%18%26% Mixed49%53%57% Postmaterialist34%29%17% n=346n=537n=137

Post-materialist Values and Self-Reported Political Ideology-2008 MaterialistMixedPostmaterialist Very Liberal6%4%21% Liberal6%22%34% Moderate50%41%23% Conservative32%28%20% Very Conservative7%5%2% n=161n=497n=224

Post-materialist Values and Support for Gender Equity Policies-2004 Percent Strongly Supporting MaterialistsMixedPostmaterialists Comparable Worth37%53%66% Affirmative Action (employment) 8%18%34% Affirmative Action (higher education) 11%23%41% Title IX (9)33%48%69% Parental Leave (publicly funded) 20%36%65% Day Care (publicly funded) 13%26%42%

Rural and Urban Oregonian Support for the New Ecological Paradigm-2008 Percent Agreeing and Strongly Agreeing Portland MetroAll UrbanRural The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated. 27%31%33% Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature. 26%31%40% The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset by human activities. 78%71%54% Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist. 70%68%53% n=345n=534n=137

Democrats as a Percentage of Major Party Membership, By Region: EasternSouthernMid-WillN. CoastPDX-SubsUniv-CoMultno-Co % 50%60%51%55%60% % 54%63%54%60%64% %61%57%66%57%63%67% %58%55%64%54%59%64% %55%53%63%52%59%65% %53%52%62%50%58%64% %52%51%62%50%59%65% %48% 59%48%57%65% %47% 58%48%56%67% %44%46%57%49%57%69% %47%49%60%55%63%77%

Oregon Regional Voting on Fiscal Measures

Oregon Regional Voting on Education and Health Issues

Oregon Regional Voting on Environmental Values

Oregon Regional Voting on Cultural Values

Uniting Oregon: Some Preliminary Conclusions Oregon continues to split along political, economic and cultural lines associated with uneven movement towards post-industrial society.

Uniting Oregon: Some Preliminary Conclusions Increasing convergence beyond the Metro area in the northwest quadrant may lead to a broader shared vision of Oregon’s future.

Uniting Oregon: Some Preliminary Conclusions Social/cultural issues are the most rigid splits. Isolating such issues from others would facilitate pragmatic policies, particularly in areas such as health and education.

Uniting Oregon: Some Preliminary Conclusions Policy models incorporating elements of local community control may serve state goals while recognizing local context.

Uniting Oregon: Some Preliminary Conclusions The need for economic renewal in rural areas creates opportunity for synergistic development policies. Example: There is strong state-wide support for renewable energy development.