February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University ECEG398 Quantum Optics Course Notes Part 2: Thermal Imagers Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio and Prof. Anthony J. Devaney Northeastern University Spring 2006

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Thermal Fields Mean Number (Text Eq.2.141): Std. Deviation (Text Eq ): Energy Density (Text Eq ):

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Single-Mode Mean

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Single Mode SNR Upper Trace is Poisson 0.1mm

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Spectral Radiant Exitance Watch the Units: U

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Signal & Noise Radiant Exitance

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Lambert’s Law A A’

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Spectral Radiance x y z   dd dd

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Black-Body Equation (1)

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Black Body Equations (2) T=300k

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Solar Irradiance on Earth Data from The Science of Color, Crowell, 1953, Wavelength, nm E, Spectral Irradiance, W/m 2 /  m Exoatmospheric filename=m1695.m Sea Level 5000 K Black Body Normalized to 1000 W/m K Black Body Normalized to 1560 W/m 2

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Typical Outdoor Radiance Levels Visible Near IR Mid IR Far IR Atmospheric Passbands Ultraviolet

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Thermal Imaging  M /Delta T T = 300 K , Wavelength,  m  M /Delta T T = 500 K

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Etendue Viewed by Pixel Pixel Area NA of Detector Lens NA of Objective Area of PRC NA of PRC A  is Constant Single Mode

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Spectral Flux (Power) Per Mode

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Probability Distributions Laser Mode Thermal Mode Many Thermal Modes Re(E)Im(E)|E||E| 2 n (Delta) (Poisson) (Gaussian) (Rayleigh) (Exponential) (Bose- Einstein) (Poisson) Summed on Detector

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Detected Photons (Signal & Bkg) PsPs P BKG BPF Preamp Amp Filter P Noise qq

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Detector Examples: Spectral Photon Radiance

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Detector Examples: Total Background Power

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Noise Photons (Bkg. Limited)

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Noise-Equivalent Power

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Detector Examples: NEP

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University D-Star

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Detector Examples: Detectivity, D*

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Estimating the Temperature

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Noise-Equivalent Delta T

February 2006Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Calculating NE  T T=300Kelvin,  q =0.8, B=30 Hz,  =1  m, A=(10mm) 2,  =0.1 sr 7 X 10 6 Photons/Kelvin NE  T=5 mKelvin