1 Unit 2 Ecology P. 37

2 Organisms and Their Environment

3 What is Ecology p.38 The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in. The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.

4 The Biosphere p.38 Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water.Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things. Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water.Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.

5 The Spheres of Earth! Interdependence of the Biosphere!

6 The Nonliving Environment p.40 Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism ’ s environment.Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism ’ s environment. Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. Abiotic factors affect an organism ’ s life.Abiotic factors affect an organism ’ s life. Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism ’ s environment.Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism ’ s environment. Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. Abiotic factors affect an organism ’ s life.Abiotic factors affect an organism ’ s life.

7 Soil LightTemperature Wind/Air currents

8 The Living Environment p.40 Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection. Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment.Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

9 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

10 Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

11 Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

12 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

13 Levels of Organization in Ecology p.41

14 Organismal Level Review AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle *Cell*Cell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem *first living structure AtomAtom MoleculeMolecule OrganelleOrganelle *Cell*Cell TissueTissue OrganOrgan SystemSystem *first living structure

15 Ecology Levels of Organization Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

16 1 st Level of Organization Organism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and developsOrganism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

17 2 nd Level of Organization Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

18 3 rd Level of Organization Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

19 4 th Level of Organization Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)

20 5 th Level of Organization Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.

21 Habitat & Niche p.44 Habitat is the place a plant or animal livesHabitat is the place a plant or animal lives Niche is an organism ’ s total way of lifeNiche is an organism ’ s total way of life Habitat is the place a plant or animal livesHabitat is the place a plant or animal lives Niche is an organism ’ s total way of lifeNiche is an organism ’ s total way of life

22 Habitat vs. Niche Habitat- an area where an organism lives Niche- an organisms role in its environment –The Long Version  full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Includes where in the food chain it is, where an organism feeds... Habitat is like an address in an ecosystem and a niche is like an occupation in an ecosystem. Habitat- an area where an organism lives Niche- an organisms role in its environment –The Long Version  full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Includes where in the food chain it is, where an organism feeds... Habitat is like an address in an ecosystem and a niche is like an occupation in an ecosystem.

23 Living Relationships: Symbiosis LOOK UPLOOK UP Community InteractionsCommunity Interactions –Commensalism –Mutualism –Parasitism LOOK UPLOOK UP Community InteractionsCommunity Interactions –Commensalism –Mutualism –Parasitism

24 Predation Predation- when an organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predator- hunter Prey- hunted Predation- when an organism captures and feeds on another organism. Predator- hunter Prey- hunted

25 Competition occurs due to a limited number of resources Resource- any necessity of life. water, nutrients, light, food. Competitive exclusion principle- no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time occurs due to a limited number of resources Resource- any necessity of life. water, nutrients, light, food. Competitive exclusion principle- no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

26 What level of organization? Organism

27 What level of Organization? Community

28 What level of Organization? Population