Monday, March 14  Turn in hard copy of Hamlet Essay  Hamlet Essay due on Turnitin.com by midnight  Field Trip tomorrow  Homework due Wednesday:  DBQ  Read Book 4, pages  Read “Voltaire & Candide” Book 4, pages  Bring Book 4 to class on Wednesday

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Voltaire  François-Marie Arouet  Famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade.  Exiled from France, lived in Great Britain for 3 years  Criticized organized religion  Self-proclaimed Deist

Historical Influences  Seven Year’s War  1755 Lisbon Earthquake  “The best of all possible worlds”

Candide 1758  French satirical novel  Published Candide simultaneously in five countries  Sarcastic tone  Fast moving plot  Character of Candide  “candid” “frank”  Adheres to Dr. Pangloss’ teachings of glib optimism  Dr. Pangloss  “all tongue”

Rhetorical Tools in Candide used to Support Satirical Argument  Irony  the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of her reply, “How nice!” when I said I had to work all weekend.  Overstatement  Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis or effect. Example : His eloquence could split rocks  Reference to something with a name disproportionately greater than its nature. Example: The wound given to my client... (when referring to a scratch)  Understatement  It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain. —J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye  The scratch my client gave to the plaintiff... (when referring to a sizeable wound)

While reading Candide…  Find two examples of Candide being frank.  Find two examples of Pangloss being “all tongue”.  Find examples of irony, overstatement, and understatement.  What attitudes, beliefs, and institutions is Voltaire attacking?