Chapter 12: EyeChapter 13: Ear

Chapter 12 Abbreviations  ad lib  ADL  amb  BR  BRP  W/C, WC  F/U, FU  PDR  as desired  activities of daily living  ambulate (or ambulatory)  bed rest  bathroom priveleges  wheel chair  follow-up  Physician Desk Reference

Chapter 12 Abbreviations  IOL  IOP  ASA  AMA  CDC  intraocular lens  intraocular pressure  aspirin  American Medical Association  Centers for Disease Control

The Eye  Function  The eyes are organs of vision and are located in a bony protective cavity of the skull called the orbit  Structures of the Eye  Sclera  outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye

The Eye  Cornea  transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye  Choroid  middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye  Iris  the pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

The Eye  Pupil  opening in the center of the iris  Lens  lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light  Retina  innermost layer of the eye, which cntains the vision receptors  Aqueous humor  watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. It provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eyes

The Eye  Vitreous humor  jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape  Meibomian glands  oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye  Lacrimal glands and ducts  produce and drain tears  Optic nerve  carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain  Conjunctiva  mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

The Eye

Word Parts for the eye Combining FormDefinition  blephar/o  conjunctiv/o  cor/o, core/o, pupill/o  corne/o, kerat/o  dacry/o, lacrim/o  ir/o, irid/o  ocul/o, ophthalm/o  opt/o  retin/o  scler/o  eyelid  conjunctiva  pupil  cornea  tear, tear duct  iris  eye  vision  retina  sclera

Word Parts commonly used with the eye Combining FormDefinition  cry/o  dipl/o  phot/o  ton/o  cold  two, double  light  tension, pressure

Word Parts for the eye PrefixDefinition  bi-, bin-  two Suffix Definition  -opia  -phobia  -plegia  vision (condition)  abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things  paralysis

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease and Disorders] TermDefinition  blepharitis  blepharoptosis  conjunctivitis  dacryocystitis  diplopia  iridoplegia  iritis  keratitis  keratomalacia

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease and Disorders] TermDefinition  oculomycosis  ophthalmalgia  ophthalmoplegia  photophobia  retinoblastoma  retinopathy  sclerokeratitis  scleromalacia  xerophthalmia

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorders] TermDefinition  astigmatism  cataract  detached retina  glaucoma  hyperopia  defective curvature of the refractive surfaces (cornea or lens) of the eye  clouding of the lens of the eye  separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye  eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP)  farsightedness

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Disease and Disorders] TermDefinition  myopia  nyctalopia  presbyopia  strabismus  sty  nearsightedness  poor vision at night or in faint light (night blindness)  impaired vision as a result of aging  abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point  infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (stye or hordeolum)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] TermDefinition  blepharoplasty  cryoretinopexy  dacryocystorhinostomy  dacryocystotomy  iridectomy  iridotomy  keratoplasty  sclerotomy

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Surgical Terms] TermDefinition  enucleation  surgical removal of the eyeball (also, the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic] TermDefinition OPHTHALMIC EVALUATION  keratometer  ophthalmoscope  ophthalmoscopy  optometry  pupillometer  pupilloscope  retinoscopy  tonometer  tonometry

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary] TermDefinition  binocular  corneal  intraocular  lacrimal  nasolacrimal  ophthalmic  ophthalmologist  ophthalmology  ophthalmopathy

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary] TermDefinition  optic  pupillary  retinal

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Complementary] TermDefinition  intraocular lens (IOL)  miotic  mydriatic  optician  optometrist  visual accuity  artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery  agent that constricts the pupil  agent that dilates the pupil  a specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses (cannot prescribe lenses)  a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses and/or eye exercises  sharpness of vision for either distance or near

Chapter 13 Abbreviations  ENT  TM  gtt(s)  Kg LL  lb, #  mEq  ml, mL  OTC  oz  ear, nose, throat (otorhinolaryngologist)  tympanic membrane (ear drum)  drop(s)  kilogram  liter  pound  milliequivalent  millileter  over the counter (no prescription required)  ounce

Chapter 13 Abbreviations  DTaP  HepA  HepB  Hib  IPV  MMR  Tdap  VAR  diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (vaccine given to children younger than 7 year)  hepatitis A vaccine  hepatitis B vaccine  Haemophilus influenza b vaccine  polio vaccine (inactivated polio vaccine)  measles, mumps, rubella (vaccine)  tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (vaccine given over 7 year)  varicella (chicken pox vaccine)

The Ear  The Function  The two functions of the ear are to hear and to provide the sense of balance  Sound waves vibrate through the ear where they are transformed into nerve impulses  The Structure  The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear (or labyrinth)

The Ear  External Ear  Auricle (pinna) – external structure located on both sides of the head. Directs sound waves into external auditory canal  External auditory canal (meatus) – short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. The inner part lies within the temporal bone of the skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen)  Middle Ear  Tympanic membrane – semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity. Transmits sound vibrations to ossicles

The Ear  Eustachian tube – connects the middle ear and the pharynx. Equalizes air pressure on both sides of eardrum  Ossicles – bones of the middle ear that carry vibrations. Composed of the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). Stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits the sound vibrations to the cochlea of the inner ear  Labyrinth (inner ear)  bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull.

The Ear  Cochlea – snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing. Connects to the oval window in middle ear  Semicircular canals and Vestibule – contains receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance (equilibrium)  Mastoid bone and cells  located in the skull bone behind the external auditory canal

The Ear

Word Parts for the Ear Combining FormDefinition  audi/o  aur/i, aur/o, ot/o  cochle/o  labyrinth/o  mastoid/o  myring/o  staped/o  tympan/o  vestibul/o  hearing  ear  cochlea  labyrinth (inner ear)  mastoid bone  tympanic membrane (eardrum)  stapes (middle ear bone)  tympanic membrane (eardrum), middle ear  vestibule

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diseases & Disorders] TermDefinition  labyrinthitis  mastoiditis  myringitis  otalgia  otomastoiditis  otomycosis  otopyorrhea  otorrhea  otosclerosis

Med Terms ( not from word parts ) [Diseases & Disorders] TermDefinition  ceruminoma  otitis externa  otitis media  presbycusis  tinnitus  vertigo  tumor of a gland that secretes earwax  inflammation of the outer ear  inflammation of the middle ear (tympanitis)  hearing impairment in old age  ringing in the ears  a sense that either one’s own body (subjective vertigo) or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] TermDefinition  cochlear implant  labyrinthectomy  mastoidectomy  mastoidotomy  myringoplasty  myringotomy  stapedectomy  tympanoplasty

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] TermDefinition  audiogram  audiometer  audiometry  electrocochleography  otoscope  otoscopy  tympanometer  tympanometry

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complementary Terms] TermDefinition  audiologist  audiology  aural  cochlear  otologist  otology  otorhinolaryngologist  vestibular  vestibulocochlear