Integrate Sustainability into ICT Planning & Design Prepared by Aung Zaw Oo (Student of Adv. Dip in IT (Security), Blacktown TAFE) 1

Energy usage around the world In 2008, total worldwide energy consumption was 474 exajoules (474×1018 J=132,000 TWh). This is equivalent to an average power use of 15 terawatts (1.504×1013 W). According to IEA (International Energy Agency) data from 1990 to 2008, the average energy use per person increased 10% while world population increased 27%. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since

Carbon Emissions A global temperature rise of 2⁰ Celsius is considered high risk by the SEI (Stockholm Environmental Institute). Even to limit global temperature rise to 2⁰ Celsius demands a 75% decline in carbon emissions in industrial countries by Across 40 years, this averages to a 2% decrease every year. In 2011, the warming emissions of energy production continued rising regardless of the consensus of the basic problem. According to Robert Engelman (Worldwatch institute), in order to prevent collapse, human civilization must stop increasing emissions within a decade regardless of the economy or population (2009) 3

ICT and Carbon Emissions Compared to other sectors, the ICT industry is responsible for a relatively small portion of global greenhouse gas emissions – about 2-to-2.5 % according to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). That includes emissions by ICT companies directly as well as energy consumption by ICT equipment However, ICT usage is expected to expand rapidly over the coming decade, especially in developing countries. If nothing is done, the ICT contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions is projected to nearly double – to about 4% – by

ICT and Carbon Emissions (Continued) In this age of high energy prices and environmental concerns, everyone from homeowners to the largest energy consuming businesses is interested in reducing their energy consumption. 5

ICT and Carbon Emissions (Continued) 6

Introduction to ICT Sustainability ICT Sustainability refers to environmental, social and economical sustainable for computing or Information Technology. The practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Many corporate IT department have Green Computing initiatives to reduce the environmental impacts of their IT operations. The goals of green computing are; Reduce the use of hazardous materials Maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime and Promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. 7

1.The Basics of preparing to integrate sustainability into ICT Evaluate suitable ICT projects into which sustainability can be integrated Negotiate with the stakeholders to establish the extent to which sustainability is to be integrated 8

1.The Basics of preparing to integrate sustainability into ICT (Continued) Produce an energy audit Choosing energy efficient hardware Using power management software Selecting energy efficient architecture with longer life cycle, better utility Using renewable energy Reducing e-waste Pilot projects 9

2.ICT sustainability from a business standpoint 10

3.Energy efficiency as a stepping stone to sustainability There are various different motivations to improve energy efficiency. Reducing energy use reduces energy costs and may result in a financial cost saving to consumers if the energy savings offset any additional costs of implementing an energy efficient technology. Reducing energy use is also seen as a key solution to the problem of reducing emissions. According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third, and help control global emissions of greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be the twin pillars of sustainable energy policy. In many countries energy efficiency is also seen to have a national security benefit because it can be used to reduce the level of energy imports from foreign countries and may slow down the rate at which domestic energy resources are depleted. 11

4.Individual Project Strategy Analyse energy audit data on enterprise resource consumption. Plan and integrate sustainability into ICT projects by devising strategies to conserve resources Develop and monitor policies for review and improvements, benchmarking against industry best practice and attempting new approaches continuously over time. 12

5.Network operation and security Network Operating System QNAP NAS Firmware 3.6 Security – IP Filter – Network Access Protection with Auto-blocking – Importable SSL Certificate – Security Access HTTPS Connections FTP with SSL/TLS (Explicit) SSH/SFTP Connections (Administrator Only) Encrypted Remote Replication (Rsync over SSH) – CIFS Host Access Control Shares Folders – Service Binding – External Drive Encryption – Antivirus Protection – Import SSL Certificate – Instant Alert via , SMS Instant Messaging (Windows Live Messenger), Buzzer and LCD Panel 13

6.Recommended Sustainability in ICT System 14

6.Recommended Sustainability in ICT (Continued) 15 Recommended NAS (QNAP TS-212)

6.Recommended Sustainability in ICT (Continued) Eco-friendly, Energy-efficient Design – QNAP Turbo NAS features the latest green technologies to protect the environment and save money on your energy bill. – The hard drives on the NAS can be configured to enter standby mode after a period of idling to reduce the power consumption and extend their lifespan. – The smart fan monitors the server and hard drive temperature and automatically adjusts the fan speed for quiet 24/7 operation. – The NAS can be scheduled for automatic power on and off to save energy when no data access is required. 16

7.Test results 17

8.Short term technology solutions to achieve reduction of power consumption By using energy efficient hardware By using low heat generating hardware Hibernation of: – Hard drive – LCD monitor – Workstation – Multifunction devices Remote energy management Replacing desktop PCs with thin clients Server virtualisation Use of videoconference technology. 18

9.Energy usage within the ICT project HardwareCostURL Average power E.g. browser open Server$500Generic45 watts idle Switch 24 Port TP Link TL1024d GigaBit $74.50www.digistar.com.auIdle 7 -8 watts (2 thin clients attached) Thin Client x 1 Wyse SE3215 n/a – Est. $40www.partstore.com9 watts (each) Modem/router$176www.pcworld.idg.com.au6 watts + 1watt for dongle Printer Lexmark Z12$25www.ebay.com.au Idle watts Monitor hp compact FP5315 x 2 $25www.ebay.com18 watts (each) Thin Client x 1 Ultra Thin Y210 $74.21 USDwww.aleixpress.com7 watts (each) NAS x 1 TS-212 Turbo NAS $372.00http://web.qnap.com/pro_detail_feature.asp?p_id=192 6 Watt (Sleeping) 13 Watt (Operation) TOTAL$ watts (Server + 2 thin clients + 3 monitors+ printer) COST $0.86 per day TOTAL (estimated)$ Watts (Server & 20 thin clients) 19

10.Recommendations and Conclusion Recommendations – QNAP TS419PII is recommendation for replacement of TS211. QNAP TS419PII Features – CPU – Marvell 2.0GHz – Number of Internal Hard Drives – 4 x SATA(II) – Hot Swappable Hard drive - Yes – Maximum raw capacity - 12TB – USB 3.0 – 2 Each – eSATA – 2 Each – Transfer Performance – 109.6MB/s (Read), 75.1MB/s (Write) 20

10.Recommendations and Conclusion (Continued) Conclusion The global warming is threating to all over the world. Everybody has a responsible to protect the environment by reducing the usage of energy, changing the resources to green and control the waste. The energy price is higher and higher. It’s effecting to every economic factors. It prevent the economic developing factor and threaten our life style. If we can’t find the sustainability of the energy resources and waste management, we will loose our economy growth and environmental. 21