Warm Up / EOC Prep The chances of developing cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia are higher if a family member also has the disorder because they are — a. passed through blood contact b. related to diet c. highly infectious d. genetically based In corn plants, green (G) is dominant to albino (g). According to the Punnett square, what is the chance of this heterozygous cross producing albino corn plants? a. Two in four b. Three in four c. Four in four d. One in four

Agenda Warm-up Vocabulary Puzzle Pedigree Notes Pedigree Practice Problems Clean-up Cool-down

Dominant Recessive Phenotype Test cross Genotype Translation Transcription Genetics Codon Heredity Mutation Gamete Heterozygous Homozygous Punnett square Trait Codominance Gregor Mendel Incomplete Gene Pea plants Allele Amino acids

Pedigrees

Generations Parental generation (P)- first two individuals crossed in a breeding experiment F1 generation- offspring of the P generation F2 generation- offspring of the F1 generation

chart that shows the relationships within a family PEDIGREE chart that shows the relationships within a family

Sample Pedigree

Sample Pedigree

Pedigree Basics Males are squares, females are circles, and unborn babies are triangles or octagons Shaded figures represent individuals with the trait, a carrier could be 1/2 shaded

Pedigree Basics The vertical lines indicate offspring. The horizontal lines indicate matings. Generations are numbered with roman numerals (I, II, II, IV) from top to bottom People within generations are numbered (1,2,3) from left to right

Pedigree Basics Pedigrees are very helpful in determining how a genetic disorder is inherited. A pedigree can be mapped out to determine if individuals are carriers or if their children might inherit the disorder. Carriers are individuals who are heterozygous for an inherited disorder but do not show symptoms. Carriers can then pass on the allele for the disorder on to their children.

Sample Pedigree

Sample Pedigree

Karyotype Genetic disorders may also be detected by using karyotypes, which are photos of the chromosomes in a dividing cell arranged by size. The risks of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring can be assessed by genetic counseling prenatal testing analyzing a pedigree.

AMNIOCENTESIS A technique used to determine the genetic traits of a baby before it is born

REVIEW A chart that shows how traits are passed within a family is called…

pedigree

In a pedigree, squares = _____ and circles = ______

Males and females

Sex-linked recessive- half filled circles (carriers) Autosomal dominant- more common, in every generation Autosomal recessive- less common, skips a generation

Cool-Down Name the correct mode of inheritance… 1- A combination of the dominant and recessive creates a new phenotype. 2- Neither allele is dominant, but both are expressed at the same time. 3- The trait is found on either the X or Y chromosome.

Warm-up / EOC Prep A genetic pedigree showing that only males are affected by a certain disorder is evidence of what type of inheritance? A. Dominant B. Sex-linked C. Recessive D. Passive The reduction of the chromosome number during meiosis is most important for: keeping the amount of DNA in the cell at a minimum level preventing the nucleus from becoming larger with each cell division maintaining the chromosome number during sexual reproduction allowing the growth of the cell without increasing the DNA content

Agenda Warm-up Vocab Genetics Quiz Pedigree Practice Problems Clean-up Cool-down

What is this called? What can you tell me about I2, II2, III2?

What is this called? What can you tell me about I1,II7,II5,III8?