History of Education Mr. Davies

Examining The Teaching Profession Colonial Education Established Many of Today’s Ed Norms –Local Control of Schools –Compulsory Education –Tax Supported Schools –State Standards for teaching and Schools

Examining The Teaching Profession Colonial Education Highlighted Tension Points of Schools –What is the role of Religion? –How can we equalize quality among schools –How can racism, sexism, classism, and religious intolerance be eliminated? –How do we prepare teachers?

Examining The Teaching Profession Common School Horace Mann started Start of public elementary school 1800’s in Massachusetts

Examining The Teaching Profession Gendered Career Although today’s popular perception is that teaching is a predominately a female career, men dominated teaching well into the 19 th century A few women taught at home in “Dame Schools”

Examining The Teaching Profession Secondary School 1821 English Classical School in Boston Kalamazoo, Michigan Case –Taxes could be used to support secondary schools Junior High 1909 (grades 7-9) Middle School Concept 1950 (grades 5-8)

Examining The Teaching Profession Progressive Education John Dewey 1920’s and 1930’s Progressive Ed has many components –It included health concerns, family and community issues, concern for vocational education –Students learn best when their learning follows their interests

Examining The Teaching Profession Progressive Education The Progressive Education Association –8 year study –Results said graduates of progressive schools: Slightly higher GPA Earned Higher Grades in classes except Foreign Lang Specialized in same fields as traditional students More academic honors More objective and precise thinkers Higher intellectual curiosity and greater drive

Examining The Teaching Profession School Reform Committee of Ten –Carnegie Unit Cardinal Principles of Secondary Ed –7 Goals for High Schools Health Worthy Home membership Fundamental academic skills Vocation Citizenship Worthy use of leisure time Ethical Character

Examining The Teaching Profession School Reform Nation at Risk 1983 –Maintained that mediocrity, not excellence, characterized US schools –Declared that the inadequate rigor of US education had put the nation at risk

Examining The Teaching Profession Federal Legislation Summary on p.285 –Land Ordinance Act/Northwest Ordinance 1785 –Merrill Land Grant Act 1862 & 1890 –Smith Hughes Act 1917 –Servicemen’s Readjustment Act 1944 –National Defense Education Act 1958 –Elem & Secondary Ed Act 1965

Examining The Teaching Profession Federal Legislation (cont.d) –Project Head Start –Billingual Education Act –Title IX of the Ed Amendments –Individuals with Disabilities Act (1975, 1991, 1997, 2001) –No Child Left Behind 2001

Examining The Teaching Profession Black Education Plessy v Ferguson –Separate but Equal De jure Segregation De Facto segregation Brown v Board of Education –Separate but equal has no place Civil Rights Act –Title IV-local schools desegregate

Examining The Teaching Profession Hispanic Education Largest growing minority group By 2020 Hispanic children will represent 25% of the total school age children 3 biggest subgroups of Hispanics: –Mexican Americans –Puerto Ricans –Cuban Americans

Examining The Teaching Profession Asian Education Asian is a broad label given to millions of people from many different nations Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are fast growing groups Stereotyped as Model Students

Examining The Teaching Profession Arab Americans Made up of people from Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Morocco, Iraq, Iran and many other countries Many Americans confuse Arab and Moslems –Arab is a cultural group –Islam is a religion

Examining The Teaching Profession Women in Education Girls were barred from school for almost 2 centuries In the 20 th century, women won greater access to ed programs, although even into the 1970’s gender-segregated programs were the rule. Title IX of the Ed Amendments gave women more access to educational programs

Examining The Teaching Profession Title IX No person in the united states shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal assistance.