COMMUNICATION Derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’- to share,exchange,transmit,talk,gesture,write,put in use,relate. Communication in its simplest form is conveying of information from one person to another – Hudson Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas,opinions or emotions by two or more persons.- George Terry

Imp characteristics of communication: Always happens between or among two or more parties. Involves an exchange Uses verbal ways or nonverbal ways Mutuality of understanding between sender and receiver Is a two way process

Importance of communication: At individual level At organization level

Why communication has gained importance: Global business environment Large scale operations Technological advancement Role of information Change in management style Need for better human relations and higher motivation level Increasing social role

Types of communication: Verbal communication Oral Written Non verbal communication Body language Gestures, posture, eye contact, etc.

Oral communication : Advantages: Speed Able to get personal attention Instantaneous feedback Personal quality Confidentiality Supplemented by Non verbal cues

Oral communication : Limitations: No evidence Not suitable in certain cases Expensive and time consuming Not appropriate in controversial matters Prone to physical noise

Written : Advantages: Is permanent Can be easier to understand Can be composed in advance Are less prone to errors Works best as evidence Can address more persons at same time Lasting impact Less physical noise

Written : Limitations: Time consuming Different interpretations No non verbal clues Lack of confidentiality Capability of greater damage Certain messages cant be put in writing

Non verbal communication: Body language (Kinesics) Facial expressions Eye contact Posture Gestures Touch Silence

Non verbal communication: Sign language – Symbols Visual symbols Audio symbols

Non verbal communication: Paralanguage: Pitch variations Volume Speed and Pause Stress on words Non- Fluencies

Non verbal communication: Circumstantial language: Space language (Proxemics) Surroundings Time

Channels of communication: Formal comm. network: Advantages: Satisfy information needs of org. Integrates the org. Coordination and control Sorts the information for top level Reliability and accuracy

Channels of communication: Formal comm. network: Limitations: Time consuming and expensive Information may get distorted Creates gaps between top executives and lower subordinates

Channels of communication: Informal comm. network: Types : Grapevine Social gatherings Management By walking around Secretaries/administrative assistants

Channels of communication: Informal comm. network: Advantages: Satisfies social needs Better human relations Speed Works as a linking chain Fills the gaps in formal communication

Channels of communication: Informal comm. Network: Limitations: Not authentic Responsibility cant be fixed Not dependable Incomplete information Lead to leakage of confidential information