Open Defecation Free Tamil Nadu by 2014: Vision, Challenges and Way Forward Somya Sethuraman: Researcher, Institute for Financial Management and Research, Chennai January 27, 2012, Consultative Workshop on Sanitation Policy, CMA, Chennai

Table of Contents  Urbanization in Tamil Nadu  Sanitation Statistics  National Urban Sanitation Policy  Proposed Funding Requirements ( )  Challenges  Way Forward

1. Urbanization in Tamil Nadu

Urbanization in Tamil Nadu  City Municipal Corporations: 10  Municipalities : 125  Town Panchayats : 529  Tamil Nadu - one of the most urbanized states in India  TN Population : 72 million (2011)  Urban population : 35 million (48%)

Projected urban population in 2026: 69.1% Projected Slum Population in 2017: 1 crore Service Gaps continue to grow with greater urbanization Source: Census of India, Secondary Research

Extended areas of Urban Agglomerations witnessing rapid growth Source: Census 2001, 2011 (Provisional), Secondary Research

2. Sanitation Statistics

All districts need considerable improvement (NUSP, MoUD: ) Source: NUSP, MoUD, Secondary Research

Tamil Nadu: Sanitation Statistics  57% of households in Tamil Nadu do not have a toilet facility Out of 5.9 million (2001) urban households in TN-  35.7% of urban households do not have access to toilets  7.7% of urban households use the community toilets  30 % of households do not have access to drainage networks  35 % of households are connected to open drains - (NFHS-3) - Census 2001

Municipal Corporations: 10

Municipal Corporations: UGSS Name of CorporationActuals (Yes/No)Norm ChennaiN.A.Yes CoimbatoreYes ErodeScheme in executionYes MaduraiYes SalemYes ThoothukudiYes TiruchirapalliYes TirunelveliYes TiruppurYes VelloreNoYes

Percentage of Population covered by UGS Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Percentage of Road length covered Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Municipalities: 125

Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Municipalities which far exceed the 60 persons norm for Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience

3. The National Urban Sanitation Policy

Vision All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy and liveable and ensure and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the urban poor and women. Policy Goal The overall goal of this policy is to transform Urban India into community-driven, totally sanitized, healthy and liveable cities and towns.

B. Achieving Open Defecation Free Cities All urban dwellers will have access to and use safe and hygienic sanitation facilities and arrangements so that no one defecates in the open. In order to achieve this goal, the following activities shall be undertaken:  Promoting access to households with safe sanitation facilities (including proper disposal arrangements);  Promoting community-planned and managed toilets wherever necessary, for groups of households who have constraints of space, tenure or economic constraints in gaining access to individual facilities;  Adequate availability and 100 % upkeep and management of Public Sanitation facilities in all Urban Areas, to rid them of open defecation and environmental hazards; A Specific Goal

4. PROPOSED FUNDING ( )

Allocation of Funds for Individual Toilets* * All figures subject to confirmation Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Allocation of Funds for Common Toilets* * All figures subject to confirmation Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Fund allocation by type of toilet and implementing body ( ) * * All figures subject to confirmation Source: CMA, Secondary Research

Funds allocated for New Individual Toilets Source: CMA, Secondary Research * All figures subject to confirmation

Funds allocated for New Common Toilets Source: CMA, Secondary Research * All figures subject to confirmation

5. CHALLENGES

Ranking of Districts on Sanitation Indicators: Key Gaps Source: CMA, Secondary Research

 Social and Occupational aspects of Sanitation  Awareness Generation  Institutional Roles and Responsibilities  Choice of Technology  Reaching the un-served and the Poor  Demand Generation KEY ISSUES

Our biggest concern: Projected Slum Population in 2017 is 1 crore Tamil Nadu has more than a quarter of its urban population in slums, and a large number of urban poor. We need a clear plan to address the sanitation issues in these poor colonies. The proportion of notified and non-notified slums with no latrine facility is significantly higher for Tamil Nadu; 27 per cent and 40 per cent respectively Our inability to regularly recognize or “declare” slums has led to an absence of comprehensive data about informal settlements, because of which the poor continue to live without basic infrastructure and civic amenities

Focusing on pro-poor solutions: Chennai Case Study

Services do not reach the poor due to lack of usable data Chennai Map : Slums Layer overlaid on Toilets Layer (2011), along with administrative boundaries

Clusters of Slums and Zero Toilets Toilets not in area of apparent need

6. Way Forward

 Baseline data collection - GIS  Awareness Generation: Behavioural change  Integrated City-Wide Sanitation  Safe Disposal of waste  Upkeep of Sanitary Installations  Implementation Support Strategy  State Government Support: CSP, DPR, PPP, Funding, Capacity Bldg, Awards  Legal Regulations: Acts, Rules, byelaws  Communication Strategy Target Audience: Households – women and children Key Messages Hygiene Education as an integral component of the school syllabus  Elected Representatives in Management Role  Partnerships with NGOs, CBOs, and resource institutions  Women’s Self Help Groups

Data collection - GIS Integrated city wide sanitation plans State government support and Legislations Implementation and monitoring – Elected representatives, NGOs, CBOs, Women Self Help Groups OPEN DEFECATION FREE TAMIL NADU

Perceptions Layer

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