Electron Arrangement Methods of predicting the arrangement and location of electrons in atoms.

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Arrangement Methods of predicting the arrangement and location of electrons in atoms

A. Lewis Dot Structures valence electrons – e– in an atom’s outermost orbitals (in highest energy level) available for bonding; determine the chemical properties of an element electron-dot structure – consists of element’s symbol surrounded by dots that represent the atom’s valence e–

B. Electron Congifuration s p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 d (n-1) f (n-2) 6 7 © 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company

S 16e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 C. Notations Core Electrons Longhand Configuration S 16e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 Core Electrons Valence Electrons C. Johannesson

S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4 Shorthand Configuration Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas. Fill in the remaining e- in each sublevel like normal. S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4

Example - Germanium [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2

White Board Examples Helium (He) Fluorine (F) Nitrogen (N) Aluminum (Al) Sulfur (S)

Homework Do the Lewis dot structure and long and short hand electron configuration for the following elements: Magnesium (Mg) Silver (Ag) Gold (Au) Bromine (Br) Europium (Eu)

D. Orbital Diagrams Ex: Oxygen This configuration gives more detail as to where the electrons are located. orbital – region of high probability of finding e–; maximum of 2 e– per orbital s sublevel = 1 orbital (2 e–) p sublevel = 3 orbitals (6 e–) d sublevel = 5 orbitals (10 e–) f sublevel = 7 orbitals (14 e–)

E. General Rules Pauli Exclusion Principle Each orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins.

E. General Rules Hund’s Rule Within a sublevel, place one e- per orbital before pairing them.

E. General Rules Aufbau Principle Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.

White Board Examples Indium (In) Selenium (Se) Sulfur (S) Aluminum (Al)

Homework Do the orbital diagram for the following elements: Magnesium (Mg) Bromine (Br) Phosphorus (P) Neon (Ne)