3 Common but serious Sentence Structure Mistakes

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Presentation transcript:

3 Common but serious Sentence Structure Mistakes ESL 403 Workshop Comma Splices Fragments Run-ons 3 Common but serious Sentence Structure Mistakes

What’s a fragment, comma-splice or run-on? How can you fix them? This is how your instructors sometimes feel when we read too many comma splices, run-ons, or fragments. If you can fix your own fragments, run-ons and comma splices, it can really make a difference in the quality of your writing and your grade! What’s a fragment, comma-splice or run-on? How can you fix them?

Some terms you need to know Comma splice/Run on Fragment (piece) Independent clause = Simple Sentence SV. / SVV. / SSV. / SSVV. Compound Sentence SV, ___ SV. SVV, ___ SSV. … Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) NEVER start a sentence! Dependent clause Complex Sentence Independent + dependent Dependent, independent Subordinating conjunction Starts the dep clause while, if, because, after… Have students give examples of each – ask what’s the difference bt sentence/independent clause

Fix this run-on sentence in 3 ways Two hundred people went to his wedding three people went to his funeral. ✔Two hundred people went to his wedding ; three people went to his funeral. ✔Two hundred people went to his wedding, but three people went to his funeral. ✔ Two hundred people went to his wedding. Three people went to his funeral.

Fix this comma splice in 3 ways Spanish is spoken in more countries, Chinese is spoken by more people. ✔Spanish is spoken in more countries ; Chinese is spoken by more people. ✔Spanish is spoken in more countries , but Chinese is spoken by more people. ✔Spanish is spoken in more countries. Chinese is spoken by more people.

Do you see a pattern? HOW do you fix a run-on? How do you fix a Comma Splice? the 3 ways to fix a run-on / Comma splice are: 1. 2. 3.

Fragments He had to leave the party. Because he had eaten and drunk too much. I love eating desserts. Such as ice cream and apple pie. After I got into the hot bath. I realized there was no soap. I didn’t want to get out again. To fix: usually connect fragment to the other sentences or add more information to make the idea a complete thought.

Practice – correct/frag/ro/cs? The president, worried about a possible energy shortage in the future. Jody is moving to New York, she can’t even finish her classes. I was watching a documentary on TV about tigers in India. I’m lost when I add many long numbers without a calculator. These people who are moving to the US because they want to find a better job. The students haven’t finished their homework yet they have decided to go have some coffee. Since the holiday is on Thursday, we will have no class on Friday. A plane zoomed overhead, it was so noisy we couldn’t hear each other talking.

Worksheet – Step 1 (answers) Shopping malls have spread throughout the country / they have replaced many main streets / some malls have hundreds of stores / some malls only have a few / malls include restaurants as well as stores/ many people go there/ malls give a safe and attractive atmosphere for shoppers / some people can spend too much money there.

Step 2 of worksheet (answers vary) Shopping malls have spread throughout the country ____ they have replaced many main streets____ some malls have hundreds of stores _____ some malls only have a few ___malls include restaurants as well as stores_____many people go there ____ malls give a safe and attractive atmosphere for shoppers_____some people can spend too much money there.