Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter 7 Biodiversity and Conservation

Section 1 Our Planet of Life

Biodiversity The variety of life across all levels of ecological organization. Species biodiversity Genetic biodiversity Ecosystem biodiversity

Species Biodiversity Number or variety of species in a particular region

Species What determines one species from another? Similar DNA Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Species How do scientists classify organisms? Taxonomic classification: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 2 part scientific name includes genus and species Human Homo sapiens Tiger Panthera tigris

Taxonomic Classification www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

Subspecies Population of organisms that has genetically based characteristics that differ from members of the same species in a different area. Example - size & color Not enough to classify as a separate species

Genetic Biodiversity Differences in DNA among individuals within species & population Without diversity how can a species handle Disease Environmental change

Ecosystem Biodiversity The number and variety of ecosystems within a given area. Rocky seashore vs farmland

Biodiversity Distribution Figure 7.5 Increase in species diversity near the equator Latitudinal gradient http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/pimm/keywest/hotspot.php

# of species 1.7 - 2 million species known Best guess estimates that there are approx. 5 - 30 million # of species

Benefits of Biodiversity Ecosystem services Purification of water and air Control of pests Control of diseases Decomposition of wastes Provides fuel, food, & fiber

Benefits of Biodiversity Ecosystem stability Resistent Resilient Resist environmental change Bounce back

Benefits of Biodiversity Removal of a species from an ecosystem Keystone species? echinoblog.blogspot.com

Benefits of Biodiversity Agriculture Crossbreed to pass on traits that will improve genetic diversity Medicine Extinction means a loss of diversity and a loss of possible cures for diseases

Section 2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss

Extirpation Disappearance of a particular population from a given area Not the entire species Causes a species to get closer to extinction Why does human settlement seem to mean extinction for other organisms? What can we do about it? http://wilderutopia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Gray-Wolf-of-Yellowstone.jpg

Why does human settlement seem to mean extinction for other organisms? What can we do about it?

Background Rate of Extinction Extinctions occurring one by one http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40129000/gif/_40129722_species_extinc_gra203.gif

Mass Extinction Extinction rates exceed the background rate of extinction At least 5 in Earth’s history http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40129000/gif/_40129722_species_extinc_gra203.gif 6th mass extinction

Categorizing at-risk species Threatened – likely to become endangered in all or part of an area Endangered - serious risk of extinction

Categorizing at-risk species IUCN Red List of Threatened Species A global list http://awsassets.wwf.ca/img/original/living_planet_index_2012.jpg video http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9X6o8uPvK54

Categorizing at-risk species Living Planet Index System to track species decline http://awsassets.wwf.ca/img/original/living_planet_index_2012.jpg video http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9X6o8uPvK54

Biodiversity Loss 4 causes Habitat change and loss Invasive species Pollution Overharvesting http://awsassets.wwf.ca/img/original/living_planet_index_2012.jpg video http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9X6o8uPvK54

Biodiversity Loss Habitat change and loss Greatest cause of biodiversity loss Habitat fragmentation http://awsassets.wwf.ca/img/original/living_planet_index_2012.jpg video http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9X6o8uPvK54

Biodiversity Loss Invasive species Introduction of a non-native species to an ecosystem No limiting factors Displace native species http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1366&bih=638&tbm=isch&tbnid=RZI5Pn9tYWhjqM:&imgrefurl=http://weblogs.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/dcblog/invasive_species/&docid=sup1RvriieG1rM&imgurl=http://weblogs.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/dcblog/Pythons%252520with%252520cop.jpg&w=359&h=261&ei=ZT9aUfWTENWz4AOk84DIDw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:22,s:0,i:223&iact=rc&dur=1188&page=2&tbnh=181&tbnw=263&start=15&ndsp=22&tx=122&ty=107

Biodiversity Loss Pollution Overharvesting Hunted faster than a species can replenish itself http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_YFNVheTrSJc/TSAjEtdqK3I/AAAAAAAAAAM/lTXIoAjQor8/s1600/pollution.jpg http://assets.worldwildlife.org/photos/1262/images/story_full_width/overfishing-overview-08022012-WEB_109842.jpg?1345541146

Biodiversity Loss Poaching - illegal capture or killing of an organism WWF rhino Is climate change going to become the greatest cause of biodiversity loss?