Environmental Science Chapter 7 – Biodiversity and Conservation

Big Question: Why is it important to protect biodiversity? The Central Case Saving the Siberian Tiger Big Question: Why is it important to protect biodiversity?

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Objectives: 1. Differentiate the components of biodiversity 2. Explain 2 ways in which biodiversity varies across groups or geography 3. Describe the economic benefits of biodiversity

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Classifying species _____________________ are scientists that classify species according _______________ and _______________ _________________. 7 classifications from broadest to most specific: ________________, ______________, _____________, _________________, _____________, ______________, and ___________________.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? _________________ __________________ is used to identify inter-related species. - For example humans binomial nomenclature is: _______________ __________. Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order:

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Family: Genus: Species:

Section 1: What is biodiversity? ____________________ is a population of organisms that has genetically based characteristics, such as size or color, that differ from members of the same species in a different area. can interbreed if they live in the same habitat.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? ________________________ describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization 3 parts to biodiversity: __________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Species diversity __________________ ___________________ is the number or variety of species in a particular region. Speciation generates new species in an area, adding to species diversity, while extinction decreases species diverstiy.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Genetic diversity _________________ ________________ describes the differences in DNA among individuals within species and populations. Allows __________________ to local conditions. Ex:

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Ecosystem diversity _____________________ ________________ describes the number and variety of ecosystems within a given area.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? How do scientists come up with precise ways to express a region’s biodiversity??? How do we measure biodiversity?? Scientists estimate there exists between 3 million to 100 million different species on Earth. Best guess estimates range between 5 and 30 million.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Why is there such a big range? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Benefits of biodiversity Biodiversity and ecosystem services Ex: Biodiversity and Ecosystem functions Resistant ecosystem: Resilient ecosystem:

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Biodiversity and Agriculture Ex: Biodiversity and Medicine

Section 1: What is biodiversity? Biodiversity, Tourism, and Recreation Ex:

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Objectives: 1. Describe how biodiversity is monitored and explain current biodiversity trends 2. List the major causes of biodiversity loss

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss What do you think is the greatest factor influencing biodiversity loss throughout history??? Now, share with a neighbor………

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss _____________________ describes the disappearance of a particular population from a given area, but not of the entire species from Earth. _______________________ - the pace at which species naturally go extinct.

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss _________________________ results when extinction occurs at a rate faster than the background rate of extinction. These have occurred at least _________ times in Earth’s history. The sixth mass extinction??????

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss How do scientists categorize the risk of biodiversity loss? An ___________________ is one that is at serious risk of extinction. A ____________________ is one that is likely to become endangered soon.

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss ICUN: ICUN Red List of Threatened Species WWF: UNEP: Living Planet Index:

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Causes of biodiversity loss 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Habitat change and loss ________________________ describes the division of a habitat into smaller patches. This is the greatest cause of biodiversity loss today _______% of threatened mammals and _______% of threatened birds

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Invasive Species These can drive a native species to extinction. Pollution ______________, _______________, ______________ and ___________________that pollute air and water can poison people and wildlife

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Overharvesting Occurs when humans ___________, _________, or ___________ a species faster than it can replenish its population. Examples: ____________: the illegal capture or killing of an organism

Section 2: Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Climate Change This has more of a global effect rather than a local effect Ex:

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Objectives 1. Explain legal actions nations can take to protect biodiversity 2. Explain the goal of Species Survival Plans. 3. Describe three strategies for managing whole ecosystems and habitats.

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Whose responsibility is it to protect biodiversity? Should something be done LEGALLY to protect biodiversity? If so, who then, enforces these laws?

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity The Endangered Species Act (ESA) Passed in ____________ by the _______. 3 major parts: 1. 2. 3.

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Benefits and Costs of the ESA Benefits: 1. 2. Costs

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity International Cooperation Supported by the _______________________. CITES: The Biodiversity Treaty:

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Approaches of the ESA 1. Single-Species Approaches ____________________________ - the process of breeding and raising organisms in controlled conditions Zoos and aquariums __________________________________ ________________

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Ecosystem and Habitat Approaches The ESA does NOT specifically protect whole habitats and ecosystems BUT, conservationists are now moving beyond single species approaches.

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity ___________________________ - an area that both supports an especially high number of endangered species AND is rapidly losing biodiversity A species is __________________ to an area if it is found NOWHERE else in the world Conservation International

Section 3: Protecting Biodiversity Economic Approaches Debt-for-nature swap: Conservation concession: Wildlife Corridors