Connecting to the Internet through an ISP Networking for Home & Small Business

What this Chapter is About… Every day people are online We need to communicate Internet Service Providers (ISP) –Make this possible –Web of service providers You’ll see: –Why ISP’s are necessary –The Network Operations Centers

What is the Internet Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards –Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world Do this through: –Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

The Internet Who owns it? –No one There are several organizations that help manage it –Standards –Addressing

Internet Organizations ISOC Internet Society –Central leadership organization IETF Internet Engineering Task Force –Proposes solutions to Internet problems –Recommends protocol standards IRTF Internet Research Task Force –Researches future of Internet –How to handle transmissions during disaster IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority –Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

ISP’s What’s an ISP? –Company that provides access to the Internet Name yours & others

Connect to the ISP through POP Point of Presence Between your LAN & the ISP Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

High Speed Backbone

Maps phphttp:// php

Review 1.Describe the Internet. 2.What does ISP stand for? –Internet Service Provider 3.What does an ISP do? –Provides connection to the Internet 4.What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? –POP

Options for Connecting to the ISP Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines Cell Phone Modem- becoming fast DSL- high speed over phone lines Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 Satellite- medium speeds

Options for Connecting to the ISP Modem is used to connect to ISP You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

ISP Service Levels Home Service –Slower speed –Less expensive –Less web space –Fewer addresses Business Class –Faster speed –More expensive –More web space –More addresses –SLA (Service Level Agreements) Network availability terms Service response time

Asymmetric Service Download transfer rate is different from upload rate –Common in homes, most Internet users –Download is faster

Symmetric Service Download transfer rate is same as upload rate –Common in businesses or hosting servers –Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

End of Day One Activity Complete Handout Research Go home & test your speed! 0.htmlhttp://reviews.cnet.com/ _7- 0.html

Review 1.Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. 2.Describe asymmetric service. 3.Describe symmetric service. 4.What is a POP? –Connection between LAN & ISP 5.What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? –backbone

The Importance of IP Internet Protocol –Uses packets to carry data –IP carries what you do on the Internet –Contains source & destination IP address

IP Packet Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers IP addresses MUST be unique ISP gets blocks of addresses –Then they manage & split them up

How an ISP handles Packets Before hitting the Internet, your message is divided into small packets –Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each ISP determines whether packet is for local or for remote network

NOC Controls traffic flow –Uses destination IP Has services (web hosting, )

NOC- Monitoring

NOC- AT &T Monitoring

Network Utilities Ping –End-to-end connectivity Traceroute –Traces path from source to destination –Displays each hop

Traceroute

Activities Packet Tracer Lab

The Internet Cloud Many routes to a destination –Bad router- take the back road! Cloud represents Internet or another network

Devices in the Cloud More than just routers Tech at home must match tech at ISP –DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) –Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

Devices in the Cloud

Activity

Review 1.A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? –DSL 2.What does DSL stand for? –Digital Subscriber Line 3.A CMTS is needed for which technology? –Cable Modem 4.What do you need to connect to the Internet? –IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

Home & Business Devices

Home & Business Environment

Cables What’s another name for cable? –Medium –Channel Copper Fiber Optic

Network Cables

Twisted Pair Cabling Electricity over the copper wires Pairs twisted inside jacket Can get EMI Crosstalk on long runs –Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch –Makes it more resistant to interference

Kinds of Twisted Pair UTP –Electricity –Inexpensive –Easy to install –4 pairs of wires, color coded –RJ45 connector Cat 5 & 5e –100 & 1000Mbps Cat 6 –1000Mbps & higher

Review 1.What connector is on UTP? –RJ45 2.What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? –Backbone 3.A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? –ISR

Coax Cable Transmits electricity Better shielding than UTP Harder to install than UTP ISP uses these for CMTS

Fiber Optic Cables Transmits pulses of light Used in big environments Glass or plastic No EMI High speed –LAN backbone –Connect ISP to Internet 2 fibers –Transmit & receive

Fiber Optic Cables Multimode –Less $ –Used in LANs/Campuses 2000 meters –LED –Many paths of light Single Mode –More $ –Connects backbone/NOCs 3000 meters –LED laser –Single path of light

Activity- Fiber or UTP?

Cabling Standards Specs for installing & testing cable –Pinouts (order of wires) –Wire sizes –Shielding –Cable lengths –Connector types –Performance limits

UTP Cables TIA/EIA –568A –568B

Straight-Through Cable 568B to 568B Connect unlike devices –Computer to Hub/Switch –Switch to router port On the PC NIC –Pins 1 & 2 transmit –Pins 3 & 6 receive

Crossover Cable 568A to 568B Like Devices –Switch/hub port to switch/hub port –Router port to router port –PC to router port –PC to PC

UTP Termination RJ45 male connector Jack is female

Let’s make cables! Straight-through 568B to 568B White-Orange Orange White-Green Blue White-Blue Green White-Brown Brown

Let’s make cables! Crossover 568B to 568A Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE! White-Green Green White-Orange Blue White-Blue Orange White-Brown Brown

Terminating Patch Panel –Switchboard –Quickly rearrange –RJ45 Jacks

Lab Terminate to a jack

Testing Cables Open –Wire not in connector –Break in wire Short –Copper touches another Reversed Pair Split Pair

Other Tests- Degredation Attenuation –Measure of signal strength –If message fades at destination, will not be understood Crosstalk –Signal leaks onto another pair of wires –Can happen if cables are not terminated properly or low quality connectors

Cabling Best Practices Cable Management –Keeps wires neat & organized to easily find problems –Protected from damage

Review Which cable would you use: –In your house? UTP –Between buildings? Fiber –To your cable modem? Coax –Where you get a lot of EMI? Coax or fiber, NOT UTP!!