World Religions

Judaism Jews believe in one god. Their holy book is called the Torah which consists of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy. The Tanakh is made up of the Torah, the Prophets (Nev’im) and the Writings (Ki’tuvim) The Ten Commandments were given to Moses from G-d on Mt. Sinai.

Judaism How did Abraham go from polytheistic to monotheistic? – Midrash story G-d made a sacred covenant with Abraham that his descendants would be plentiful and would settle in the Promised land. Social Justice Religion and a Culture 14 million followers No Original sin. People sin and atone for their sins

Types of Judaism There are 4 types of Judaism: – Orthodox – Conservative – Reform – Reconstructionist There are 2 cultural types of Jews – Ashkenazi – Sephardic

Jewish Holy Cities Jerusalem

Jewish holidays All Jewish holidays start at sundown and end at sundown Shabbat (Sabbath) – Friday night to Saturday night Big holidays – Passover – Yom Kippur – Sukkot

Other holidays Other not as important holidays – Rosh Hasannah – Hannukkah – Purim

Bellringer Turn to page 114 in your textbook and fill in your civilization charts. When you finish that on a piece of paper in your three-pronged folder answer the following questions: – What do you remember from yesterday about the different religions? – What similarities do you see between the religions? Differences? Choose two religions to compare and contrast

History of Islam Developed in the Middle East during the 7 th century Founded by the Prophet Muhammad Muhammad was a descendent of Ishmael, Abraham’s son. Muhammad lived in Mecca. He went to a cave to find solitude. In this cave he was visited by the angel Gabriel. Gabriel told Muhammad the word of G-d, which Muhammad wrote down and is the basis of the Quran. Muhammad preached the belief of One G-d to the people of Mecca. They ran him out of town and he fled to Medina.

Islam facts Means “Submission” Followers are called Muslims “one who submits” Holy book is the Quran One G-d called Allah 1.5 Billion followers Believe that Jesus was a prophet of G-d, but not divine Respect “Followers of the Book” ( Jews and Christians)

Beliefs of Islam 5 pillars of Islam – Shahadah – Salat – Zakat – Sawm – Hajj Don’t believe in original sin Salvation through good works

Holy Cities of Islam Medina Mecca – Ka’aba (house of G-d built by Abraham and Ishmael) – Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the city Jerusalem – Dome of the Rock – Muhammad ascended to heaven to meet prophets

Types of Islam After the death of Muhammad leadership was in question Sunni – Believe that the new leader should be elected Shia – Believe that leadership should have gone to Muhammad’s cousin/son in law. That it should remain in the family

Islamic Holidays Begin at sundown Eid Al-Fitr – Celebrates the end of Ramadan Eid Al-Adha – Celebrated on the 10 th day of the last month of the Islamic calendar

Christianity Jesus was a Rabbi from Galilee who preached about love. The Romans were in charge of the area. Jesus was crucified on orders of Pontius Pilate.

Christian beliefs 2.2 Billion followers One G-d who exists in three parts (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) The holy book of Christians is the Bible Jesus is the son of G-d and died for people’s sins. Three days after Jesus was crucified, he was resurrected. People are born with sin Salvation by accepting Jesus (Protestant) – Catholics through Jesus and tithing and Church doctrine Distinct heaven and hell

History of Christianity After Jesus’ death, his disciples began to spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire Christians were persecuted until 313 when Constantine converted with the Edict of Milan Council of Nicaea solidified the beliefs of Christianity denouncing some as heretics

Types of Christianity Roman Catholic Greek Orthodox Protestant

Christian Holidays Two big holidays – Christmas – Easter

Documents We will break up into small groups. Each group will read a passage from one of the holy books. Which religion is the passage from? As you read, take notes on how the passage highlights important aspects of the religion. The groups will then switch to a different holy book passage.

Compare and Contrast In small groups, you will brainstorm the similarities and differences between the different religions. We will then share answers in the large group. We will then discuss how to write a good history essay.