JOINT UNECE-UNFPA TRAINING WORKSHOP ON POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES GENEVA, 5-6 JULY 2010 INTEGRATING THE HOUSING AND THE POPULATION CENSUS IAN WHITE, Office for National Statistics, UNITED KINGDOM

Different approaches to collecting data in population and housing censuses Traditional field enumeration Self-completion questionnaire - UK, Ireland Internet completion - Slovakia, Canada, UK Interviewer questionnaire - Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan Fully register-based Census - Austria, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden Combined (any mix of field enumeration, surveys, registers) – Italy, Estonia, Germany, Spain, Switzerland Rolling Census - France Long-form/short form - USA

Self-completion questionnaire Questionnaire must be/have Easy to read Simple language Font size Accessible Easy to understand Few but clear instructions Options Exemptions Routing Separate explanatory notes to: Engage Educate Explain Encourage Enforce

On-line questionnaire Advantages More secure Fewer errors Automatic checks More accessible Disabled Foreign languages Avoids partial completion Quicker data processing Disadvantages Dependent on technology Not necessarily quicker

Interviewer completion Interviewers must be Well trained Informed Helpful Sensitive Persuasive Authoritative Consistent Interviewers must have Good field manuals and instructions Good maps and/or address lists Good supervision Good local knowledge (?)

CES RECOMMENDED TOPICS Core and non-core topics Population base Geographic characteristics Demographic characteristics Economic characteristics Educational characteristics International and internal migration Ethno-cultural characteristics Disability Household/family characteristics Agriculture HOUSING

CES ‘core’ topics: Housing characteristics Housing arrangements Type of living quarter Occupancy status Number of occupants Ownership of dwelling Useful floor space/Number of rooms Density standard (derived characteristic) Water supply system Toilet and bathing facilities Type of heating Type of building Period of construction

Definition of a ‘housing unit’ A housing unit is a separate and independent place of abode intended for habitation by a single household, or one not intended for habitation but used as a usual residence by a household at the time of the census. This include occupied conventional dwellings and other housing units. For the purpose of international comparability, it is recommended that information is collected and presented separately for occupied conventional dwellings. Countries are encouraged to also collect information on ‘other housing units’ where possible, but this information should be presented separately from the same information collected for occupied conventional dwellings. CES Recommendations paragraph 595

Definition of a ‘household’ A household is either: A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multi-person household as defined below; or A multi-person household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent. CES Recommendations, paragraph 479

Housing characteristics: Type of living quarters (dwellings) 1.0 Occupied conventional dwellings 2.0 Other housing units 2.1 Mobile units 2.2 Semi-permanent units 2.3 Others designed for habitation 2.4 Others not designed for habitation 3.0 Collective living quarters

Housing arrangements: Conventional dwellings A conventional dwelling is defined as a room or suite of rooms and its accessories (for example lobbies, corridors) in a permanent building or structurally separated part thereof which, by the way it has been built, rebuilt or converted, is designed for habitation by a single household all the year round, such as a house or apartment. A conventional dwelling is defined as an occupied conventional dwelling if it is a usual residence of one or more persons All conventional dwellings are counted for census purposes whether or not they are occupied (that is, have at least one usual resident) CES Recommendations paragraphs

Housing arrangements: Other housing units Mobile housing units tents, boats, caravans, nomad camps, etc Semi-permanent units huts, cabins Other units designed for habitation shelters, shacks Other units not designed for habitation stables, barns, garages, offices, etc CES Recommendations paragraph 603

Housing arrangements: Collective living quarters Premises which are designed for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and which are used as the usual residence of at least one person at the time of the census. CES Recommendations paragraph 605 Hotels, inns, boarding houses, etc Schools, universities Hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes, etc Prisons, detention centres Military camps Housing units located on the grounds or within a building containing a hotel, institution or camp should be separately identified and counted as dwellings, if they fulfil the requirements of a conventional dwelling.

Housing characteristics: Housing arrangements (persons) 1.0 Occupants on conventional dwellings 2.0 Occupants in other housing units 3.0 Occupations in ‘collective living quarters’ 4.0 Persons not resident in any ‘living quarter (including ‘homeless’

Housing arrangements: Homelessness 1.0 Primary homeless* (or roofless) includes persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of ‘living quarters’ 2.0 Secondary homeless* (rootless) may include persons with no place of usual residence who move frequently between various types of accommodations CES Recommendations paragraph 610 *Should only include persons who are not usual residents in any living quarter category

Housing characteristics: Occupancy status (conventional dwellings) 1.0 Occupied dwellings with one or more residents 2.0 Dwellings with no usual residents 2.1 Seasonal/secondary use 2.2 Vacant For sale For rent Demolition Other/not known 3.0 Not included in the census To obtain information on dwellings, which are vacant, or in secondary or seasonal use may be difficult. A possible way of obtaining such information may be to collect the information from households who own, or rent on an annual basis, dwellings used for secondary or seasonal purposes, or other vacant dwellings. CES Recommendations paragraph 628

Occupancy Number of occupants (usual residents) Number of households Housing units occupied by 1.0 A single household 2.0 Two households 3.0 Three or more households

Type of ownership (dwellings) 1.0 Owner occupied 2.0 Co-operative ownership 3.0 Rented 3.1 Private 3.2 Local government 3.3 Mixed 4.0 Other types of ownership CES Recommendations paragraph 642

Useful floor space/Number of rooms Useful floor space* Number of rooms Under 30 m m m m m m m m m 2 and over 9 or more * “Useful floor space” is defined in that document as the floor space measured inside the outer walls excluding non ‑ habitable cellars and attics and, in multi ‑ dwelling buildings, all common spaces. CES Recommendations paragraphs 645

Useful floor space/Number of rooms Useful floor space Number of rooms* Under 30 m m m m m m m m m 2 and over 9 or more * A “room” is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof covering, at least to a height of 2 metres above the ground, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling. CES Recommendations paragraphs 648

EU Obligatory topics: Household amenities Water supply Toilet facilities Bath/shower Type of system heating Piped water Flush toilet Fixed bath/shower Central heating No piped water No flush toilet No fixed bath/shower No central heating

Discussion

CES ‘core’ topics: Geographic characteristics Locality 1 million or more inhabitants 500, ,999 inhabitants 200, ,999 inhabitants 100, ,999 inhabitants 50, ,999 inhabitants 20, ,999 inhabitants 10, ,999 inhabitants 5, ,999 inhabitants 2, ,999 inhabitants 1, ,999 inhabitants inhabitants inhabitant Less than 200 inhabitants

CES ‘core’ topics: Demographic characteristics Sex Age (date of birth) Legal marital status Plus (non-core): Total number of live-born children

CES ‘core’ topics: Economic characteristics Current activity status Occupation Industry (Goods, services produced) Employment status Plus (non-core): Type of sector Type of place of work Hours worked Main source of income/livelihood Socio-economic groups (derived)

CES ‘core’ topics: Educational characteristics Educational attainment Plus (non-core): School attendance

CES ‘core’ topics: International and internal migration Country/place of birth Country of Citizenship Ever resided abroad and year of arrival Place of usual residence 1 year before census Plus (non-core): Country of previous usual residence Reason for migration n

Ethno-cultural characteristics (non-core) Ethnicity (including mixed) Faith/religion Language Mother tongue Other languages

Disability (non-core) Disability status (more than one question may be necessary)

CES ‘core’ topics: Household and family characteristics Characteristics derived from other questions Household status Type of household Size of household Family status Type of family nucleus Size of family nucleus Tenure status of household Plus (non-core): Number of cars available for use

Agriculture (non-core) Own account agricultural production (more than one question may be necessary)