Lecture(1) Civil Engineering Dept. Master Program Civil Engineering Dept. Master Program

The term “Public Works” is applied to facilitates that usually require substantial capital investment; provide services or solve problems perceived to the public's responsibility; and are planned, designed, constructed, and proposed by or under the auspices of government agencies. Private companies may also construct and /or operate public works, to serve their own manufacturing or other need, or for profit. Definition of the "Public Works" and " Infrastructure"

“The nation’s infrastructure is its system of public facilities, both publicly and privately funded, which provide for the delivery of essential services and a sustained standard of living. This interdependent, yet self-contained, set of structures provides for mobility, shelter, services, and utilities… America’s infrastructure is the base upon which society rests. Its condition affects our lifestyles and security and each is threatened by its unanswered decay.” What is Infrastructure?

Infrastructure Examples

Overview of Infrastructures Electric Transport Telecom Water

Examples of Infrastructure projects Highways, streets, bridges, tunnels and transportation Water supply, treatment, and distribution. Wastewater collection, treatment and disposal Communication facilities Electric power generation and supply Solid waste collection, treatment, and disposal.

Examples of Infrastructure projects (cont…..) Courthouses, schools, libraries and hospitals Police station, fire houses, prisons and garages. Public residential housing

Categories of public infrastructure projects 1 Development of new projects or provision of additional capacity or capability. New Highway. New water distribution system. New projects Add additional lanes. Expanding a water treatment. Add new pumps Additional capacity

2 Rehabilitation and/or reconstruction of existing facility without changing the capacity or capability of the facility. 3 Routine maintenance(preventive) and operation of infrastructure system (e.g., the municipal systems for transportation, water supply, sewage and storm water and solid wastes. 4 Improve the system efficiency by modify the operation and management (e.g. Improve pumps efficiency by cleaning or/and lubrication ).

1 Establishment of goals and objectives 2 Problem identification and analysis 3 Solution identification and impact assessment Typical infrastructure planning steps

4 Recommendation: including priorities and schedules for implementation. 5 Decisions: including financing. 6 Implementation: final design, construction planning, construction. Typical infrastructure planning steps

7 Operation and management

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Administrative process of creating, planning, and maintaining our infrastructures An integrated, inter-disciplinary process that ensures infrastructure performance over its life cycle Life cycle is entire time from design through decommissioning

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Overall Framework Program/Network/ System Level Project Level In-Service Monitoring & Evaluation Database

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Program/System Level Financing Budgets Policies Exogenous Factors  Data (location, performance, evaluation)  Deficiencies/Needs (current, future)  Alternatives and Analyses  Priorities

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Project/Section Level Standards/ Specifications Budget Limit Environmental Constraints  Data (materials, loads, flows, costs, etc.)  Detailed Design  Construction  Maintenance

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Ideal System  Would coordinate and enable the execution of all activities  Maximizes use and expenditure of resources  Maximize performance of assets  Serve all management levels

What is Infra. Mgmt.? Key Issues  Decay and deterioration (condition, failure)  Lack of maintenance/renovation (build, build, build!)  Scarcity of financing (federal gov’t funds projects of national/interstate importance - states left to build the rest; money tends to be for construction and not maintenance; lots of infrastructure needs - which ones are #1 priority?)  Inadequate reporting and accounting

Where Does Engineering Help?  Systems engineering perspective!  Framing of problem  Using quantitative tools to solve it  Tools: uncertainty/risk analysis  Optimization via LP, Probabilistic, etc.  Both parts are important

What is Infra. Mgmt.? CONTEXT (Tech./Social/Political Environment) PROBLEM RECOGNITION (Reviews, Prelim. Assessments) PROBLEM DEFINITION (Objectives, Constraints, Decisions) GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS/EVALUATION/ OPTIMIZATION IMPLEMENTATION (Schedules, Activities, Documentation) Periodic In-Service Monitoring & Evaluation

Tools for Optimization  Mathematical Programming  LP (min/max with constraints), etc.  Heuristics  Probabilistic  Graphical (e.g. Scheduling Charts)

Some Estimates ? (Project Idea-1)  Summary of “Civil Infrastructure Systems: The Big Picture”, Jan2014.  Issues and obstacles in civil infrastructure  Developments and Opportunities  Recommendations  Highways, Bridges, Water, Construction Industry, Financials, Risk, Sustainable Development, Opportunities, Conclusions

Programming It is a process of prioritizing proposed projects and developing a single-year or multiyear program of projects, usually within a constrained monetary amount. An annual preventive maintenance program. A five-year capital program(what capital improvements will be designed and constructed over the time period ?) Examples

Budgeting It is procedures that actually produces the funding and authority to incur costs and allocate funds. The budget is usually an annual legislative authorization for expenditures and may follow multiyear authorization guidelines established be by the same legislative bodies.

key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting. Assessing needs and identifying project Identify and measure problems and needs Identify alternatives solutions Establishing program performance measures Monitoring the program progress Evaluate the results Setting program goals and objective

key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting. Program trade-offs Evaluate trade-offs for shifting resources among program areas and determine levels of resources allocation across program Priority setting and program development Identify priorities for each program area Develop fiscally constrained candidate program Project evaluation

key elements for analysis the programming and budgeting. Program implementation and monitoring Budgeting

A healthy infrastructure is a necessary ingredient of a robust economy. Infrastructure systems are a part of the nation's economy (through expenditures), and infrastructure systems are also necessary to accommodate economic expansion and productivity.

Physical infrastructure Economic system Social system Natural environment

 Understand issues in managing existing infrastructure rather than building new  Critically review status of infrastructure  Develop awareness of tools and resources for infrastructure management  For next time: read Dunker 1995

Goods and services Purchases Wages Labor PublicIndustry Energy and natural resources