Myers Ch. 10 Personality

Four Theories 1) Psychoanalytic Perspective 2) Humanistic Perspective 3) Trait Perspective 4) Social-Cognitive Perspective

Handout 10-3—Psychoanalytic Theory Reverse 1, 2, 7, 9, 13, and 15 Add all 15 items Range 15-75—higher scores reflecting a greater agreement with Freud

Say hello to our boy, Freud Psychoanalytic Theory: --personality is derived from childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations In other words… if you are a woman you have always wanted a penis… if you are a man you have always been afraid of losing yours…you’ve probably always had a mad crush on your mom too. Say hello to our boy, Freud

Exploring the unconscious Structure of Personality ID—the out of control pleasure seeker EGO—the compromiser SUPEREGO—uptight rule follower

Freudian Activity Time! Find your fellow components of my psychoanalytic personality

The Psychosexual stages

Phallic stage—males Oedipus Complex—boys figure out they have a penis, they’re pretty pumped about it, they develop unconscious sexual desires for their moms, and become afraid of their dads finding out and castrating them.

Phallic stage--females Penis envy—you get mad at your mom because she didn’t give you a penis. Electra Complex—girls get jealous of their moms and compete for possession of their father.

Phallic stage Good news…superego develops and identification happens Bad news…if you don’t make it out of this stage in one piece you are going to forever to search for a mother-like figure for a significant other.

Fixations —when the psychosexual stages don’t really turn out that well for you… Oral fixation—smoking, excessive eating, chewing on pens Anal fixation—need for control, hatred of waste, ”you’re being anal” = pop culture + Freud. Phallic fixation—homosexuality, authority issues, rejection of gender norms

Assessing the Unconscious Psychoanalysis Free association Projective Tests Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Rorschach inkblot test

Rorschach vs. TAT

Defense mechanisms 1) Repression 2) Regression 3) Reaction Formation 4) Projection 5) Rationalization 6) Displacement 7) Sublimation 8) Denial

Neo Freudians Karen Horney—gender bias Alfred Adler—inferiority complex Carl Jung—collective unconscious

2) Humanistic Personality Theory Focus on the self Focus on the positive Abraham Maslow—self-actualization Carl Rogers—unconditional positive regard Very pervasive in pop-psychology (i.e., ‘the self-esteem’ movement)

3) Trait theory Trait—pattern of behavior Gordon Allport Hans Eysenck MBTI—Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MMPI

The Big five--online assessment Costa & McCrae Best trait personality test to date Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion (OCEAN)

Extroversion vs. Introversion How do you define these personality types? Which one are you?

4) social-cognitive perspective Albert Bandura—reciprocal determinism Our personality is shaped by cognition, environment, and behavior

Person vs. situation? Self-monitor assessment in packet Do we display different personalities in different situations? What do the following say about your personality? Music preference Bedroom/personal space Facebook profile Email/text communication

Internal vs. external locus of control Julian Rotter Martin Seligman— learned helplessness

Dear Future Self... Write a letter to your future self applying insight gained from the personality assessments you have taken over the last week. What did you learn about yourself? What aspects of your personality do you hope are stable? What aspects do you hope to change and how? Your letter should address a humanistic perspective, trait theory, and social-cognitive.