PRS Slides for PowerPoint Chap 13 Theories of Personality Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009

Definitional and Application Slides 2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

3 The division of the mind that is very similar to short term memory in that it contains all the information a person is currently using and aware of is called: 1.Conscious 2.Preconscious 3.Unconscious 4.Conscience 5.Subconscious LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

4 The division of the mind that is very similar to short term memory in that it contains all the information a person is currently using and aware of is called: 1.Conscious (p ) 2.Preconscious 3.Unconscious 4.Conscience 5.Subconscious LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

5 A person who experiences great hunger decides to just push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store. Which personality structure dominated the behavior of this person? 1.Ego ideal 2.Superego 3.Id 4.Conscience 5.Libido LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

6 A person who experiences great hunger decides to just push people out of the way on the line to a grocery store. Which personality structure dominated the behavior of this person? 1.Ego ideal 2.Superego 3.Id (p. 520) 4.Conscience 5.Libido LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

7 According to Freud, during what stage of personality development do most children identify with the same sex parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate understanding of gender roles? 1.Oral 2.Anal 3.Phallic 4.Latency 5.Genital LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

8 According to Freud, during what stage of personality development do most children identify with the same sex parent as a means of helping to develop appropriate understanding of gender roles? 1.Oral 2.Anal 3.Phallic (p ) 4.Latency 5.Genital LO 13.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

9 The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT: 1.Great emphasis on sexuality in personality development 2.The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges 3.The idea that women are inferior to men, developing feelings such as penis envy 4.Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships on personality development 5.The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety LO 13.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

10 The Neo-Freudians (e.g., Jung, Horney) disagreed with all of the following ideas of Freud’s psychoanalysis EXCEPT: 1.Great emphasis on sexuality in personality development 2.The unconscious as part of the mind that stores simple anxieties and sexual and aggressive urges 3.The idea that women are inferior to men, developing feelings such as penis envy 4.Little emphasis on the influence of social relationships on personality development 5.The use of defense mechanisms to mask anxiety (p ) LO 13.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

11 According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality development is influenced primarily by ______________. 1.self-efficacy 2.reciprocal determinism 3.habits 4.self-concept 5.cognitive processes LO 13.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

12 According to the strictest behaviorist view, personality development is influenced primarily by ______________. 1.self-efficacy 2.reciprocal determinism 3.habits (p. 529) 4.self-concept 5.cognitive processes LO 13.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

13 Jessica has experienced many successes in playing basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence; however, she has a low assessment of her basketball abilities. She is most likely to: 1.Have very high self-efficacy 2.Have very low self-efficacy 3.Have moderate self-efficacy 4.Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future 5.Avoid playing basketball again in the future LO 13.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

14 Jessica has experienced many successes in playing basketball and is encouraged by others of her competence; however, she has a low assessment of her basketball abilities. She is most likely to: 1.Have very high self-efficacy 2.Have very low self-efficacy 3.Have moderate self-efficacy (p. 530) 4.Never expect to succeed in basketball in the future 5.Avoid playing basketball again in the future LO 13.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

15 Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he brings home a report card with straight As. When he does not receive straight As in school, his parents become distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing _______________________. 1.conditional positive regard 2.unconditional positive regard 3.self-actualization 4.mismatch between real self and ideal self 5.full functioning LO 13.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

16 Billy’s parents show him love and affection when he brings home a report card with straight As. When he does not receive straight As in school, his parents become distant and cold. It is likely that Billy is experiencing _______________________. 1.conditional positive regard (p. 532) 2.unconditional positive regard 3.self-actualization 4.mismatch between real self and ideal self 5.full functioning LO 13.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

17 Which of the following statements about trait theories is FALSE? 1.They can be used to describe behavior. 2.They can be used to predict behavior. 3.They can be used to explain behavior. 4.Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. 5.They are not very concerned with changing an individual’s personality. LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

18 Which of the following statements about trait theories is FALSE? 1.They can be used to describe behavior. 2.They can be used to predict behavior. 3.They can be used to explain behavior. (p. 534) 4.Traits involve consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. 5.They are not very concerned with changing an individual’s personality. LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

19 Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________ traits of the more basic trait of consciousness. 1.source 2.surface 3.temperament 4.cardinal 5.character LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

20 Organized, reliable, neat, and ambitious are all _________ traits of the more basic trait of consciousness. 1.source 2.surface (p ) 3.temperament 4.cardinal 5.character LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

21 Which of the following Big Five personality traits is associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and helpful? 1.Openness 2.Agreeableness 3.Neuroticism 4.Consciousness 5.Extraversion LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

22 Which of the following Big Five personality traits is associated with traits such as good natured, trusting, and helpful? 1.Openness 2.Agreeableness (p. 536) 3.Neuroticism 4.Consciousness 5.Extraversion LO 13.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

23 Twin studies examining the influence of biology on personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability of ____________ % % % % 5.0-4% LO 13.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

24 Twin studies examining the influence of biology on personality suggest that personality traits have a heritability of ____________ % (p ) % % % 5.0-4% LO 13.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

25 Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s dimensions of cultural personality? 1.Individualism/collectivism 2.Power distance 3.Masculinity/femininity 4.Uncertainty avoidance 5.Universal rituals LO 13.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

26 Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede’s dimensions of cultural personality? 1.Individualism/collectivism 2.Power distance 3.Masculinity/femininity 4.Uncertainty avoidance 5.Universal rituals (p ) LO 13.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

27 In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand. From that point on, the employer perceives everything that Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and careless. This is an example of what? 1.Halo effect 2.Projection 3.Subjectivity of interview methods 4.Social desirability bias 5.The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or prejudices LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

28 In a job interview, Jack accidentally stumbles over a chair as he approaches his potential employer to shake his hand. From that point on, the employer perceives everything that Jack says as evidence to suggest that he is clumsy and careless. This is an example of what? 1.Halo effect (p. 542) 2.Projection 3.Subjectivity of interview methods 4.Social desirability bias 5.The effect of the interviewer’s belief systems or prejudices LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

29 Which of the following methods would most likely be used by a psychoanalyst to assess personality? 1.Projective tests 2.Interview 3.Direct observation 4.Inventory 5.Case studies LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

30 Which of the following methods would most likely be used by a psychoanalyst to assess personality? 1.Projective tests (p ) 2.Interview 3.Direct observation 4.Inventory 5.Case studies LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

31 The personality test that is most concerned with assessing abnormalities in personality is called: 1.Keirsey Temperament Sorter 2.Myers-Briggs Inventory 3.MMPI-2 4.Big Five Personality Inventory 5.Eysenck Personality Questionnaire LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

32 The personality test that is most concerned with assessing abnormalities in personality is called: 1.Keirsey Temperament Sorter 2.Myers-Briggs Inventory 3.MMPI-2 (p ) 4.Big Five Personality Inventory 5.Eysenck Personality Questionnaire LO 13.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides 33 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Similar upbringings lead to similarities in children’s personalities. True False 34 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Similar upbringings lead to similarities in children’s personalities. True False 35 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Inkblot tests are good indicators of underlying personality traits. True False 36 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Inkblot tests are good indicators of underlying personality traits. True False 37 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality. True False 38 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality. True False 39 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? There is strong evidence for the concept of “national character.” True False 40 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? There is strong evidence for the concept of “national character.” True False 41 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

A.eat off the first plate that you see B.wait to buy your own food Consider the following. What would you do? You are very hungry. You go to the student center and 42 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

A.Try to figure out a way to cheat B.Try to make time to study Consider the following. What would you do? You have a big exam coming up, and you don’t have enough time to study. You 43 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

A.Immediately scream at them B.Try to talk to them to explain your feelings Consider the following. What would you do? You are very angry at your friend. You 44 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

A.on all of them B.Once C.Twice D.Three times On the previous three questions, I answered “A” (id) 45 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education