13 - Personality

What type of personality do you have. Were you born with it What type of personality do you have? Were you born with it? Based on experiences?

How ethical are you? above average. average. just a bit below average. D. far below average.

Compared to others, how hard do you work? above average. B. average. just a bit below average. D. far below average.

Have you ever done something you knew was wrong, but decided it is OK in this situation because……. A. Yes B. No

Class presentation video: Personality What topics do you need help with?

What topics do you need help with? A. Freud’s Id, Ego, Superego B. Concept of the unconscious C. Defense mechanisms E.g. repression, rationalization, projection, etc. D. Thematic Apperception Test E. I understand

What topics do you need help with? A. MMPI test B. Rorschach test C. Bandura’s reciprocal determinism D. Internal and external locus of control E. I understand

What topics do you need help with? A. Learned helplessness B. Self-serving bias C. Maslow’s concept of self actualization D. Humanistic perspective of Carl Rogers Client centered therapy E. I understand

El Salvadorans have a saying: “The thief thinks everyone else is a thief.” This most clearly relates to the defense mechanism of: A. displacement. B. rationalization. C. projection. D. regression. Answer: C

El Salvadorans have a saying: “The thief thinks everyone else is a thief.” This most clearly relates to the defense mechanism of: A. displacement. B. rationalization. C. projection. D. regression. Answer: C

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is "for the child's own good," though it is really because the parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense mechanism called Sublimation. Denial. Rationalization. Repression. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is "for the child's own good," though it is really because the parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense mechanism called: Sublimation. Denial. Rationalization. Repression. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education The division of the mind that is very similar to short term memory in that it contains all the information a person is currently using and aware of is called: Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Conscience Subconscious Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education The division of the mind that is very similar to short term memory in that it contains all the information a person is currently using and aware of is called: Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Conscience Subconscious Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward their children for good behavior and punish them for bad behavior help their children to develop the Defense mechanisms Id Superego Ego Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education LO 13.2 Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward their children for good behavior and punish them for bad behavior help their children to develop the Defense mechanisms Id Superego Ego. Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education The personality test that is most concerned with assessing abnormalities in personality is called: Keirsey Temperament Sorter Myers-Briggs Inventory MMPI Big Five Personality Inventory Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education LO 13.9 The personality test that is most concerned with assessing abnormalities in personality is called: Keirsey Temperament Sorter Myers-Briggs Inventory MMPI Big Five Personality Inventory Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: A. reaction formation. B. projection. C. displacement. D. rationalization. Answer: A

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: A. reaction formation. B. projection. C. displacement. D. rationalization. Answer: A

Children who have witnessed a parent’s murder and report memories of the event most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud’s concept of: A. rationalization. B. the Oedipus complex. C. displacement. D. repression. Answer: D

Children who have witnessed a parent’s murder and report memories of the event most clearly challenge Sigmund Freud’s concept of: A. rationalization. B. the Oedipus complex. C. displacement. D. repression. Answer: D

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: A. free association. B. empirically derived tests. C. reciprocal determinism. D. a positive self-concept. Answer: D

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: A. free association. B. empirically derived tests. C. reciprocal determinism. D. a positive self-concept. Answer: D

C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex. After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates: A. a reaction formation. B. an Electra complex. C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex. Answer: C

C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex. After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates: A. a reaction formation. B. an Electra complex. C. learned helplessness. D. an inferiority complex. Answer: C

Researchers have found that when asked to rate themselves on socially desirable dimensions such as how ethical they are or how hard they work, most people rate themselves as: A. average. B. far below average. C. just a bit below average. D. above average. Answer: D

Researchers have found that when asked to rate themselves on socially desirable dimensions such as how ethical they are or how hard they work, most people rate themselves as: A. average. B. far below average. C. just a bit below average. D. above average. Answer: D

In a job interview for a position as an elementary school teacher, you are asked to take a Rorschach test. How would you respond to this request? A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological tool. B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to predict emotional disorders. C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer in this situation. D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate evaluation. Answer: D

In a job interview for a position as an elementary school teacher, you are asked to take a Rorschach test. How would you respond to this request? A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological tool. B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to predict emotional disorders. C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer in this situation. D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate evaluation. Answer: D

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009 What is your opinion? Personality is largely determined by experiences you have before you are 5 years old. genetic influences. experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what behaviors you copy from others. our interpretations of things that happen to us. a combination of B, C, and D. Survey: What personality theory do you most agree with? Relevant topics: personality, personality theories Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009 What is your opinion? Personality is largely determined by experiences you have before you are 5 years old. (Freud) genetic influences. (Trait model (somewhat)) experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what behaviors you copy from others. (Behaviorism) our interpretations of things that happen to us. (Cognitive) a combination of B, C, and D. (Reciprocal Determinism) Survey: What personality theory do you most agree with? Relevant topics: personality, personality theories Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Discussion Question

Describe the four major theories of personality (psychodynamic, trait model, humanistic, and social-cognitive) and identify advantages and disadvantages of each theory.

Psychodynamic theory Based on Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory Past is important Id, ego, superego Ego defense mechanisms Part of personality is outside of awareness (unconscious)

Psychodynamic theory Advantages Disadvantages Recognized importance of childhood Theory has been around a long time Disadvantages Too focused on sex & the past Difficult to access unconscious aspects of personality

Humanistic theory Based on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Focus is on experience, consciousness, and self-concept Focused on the whole person and a positive life

Humanistic theory Advantages Disadvantages Attention on positive aspects of personality Focus on growth Disadvantages Too optimistic Too simplistic Excessive self-love

Trait perspective Personality consists of broad enduring traits that can be assessed E.g. Shy, sociable, competitive Advantages Can identify and assess personality traits Can use questionnaires as a more reliable method of assessing personality Disadvantages Focus on broad dimensions instead of individual uniqueness Tendency for biased self-reporting

Social Cognitive theory Bandura’s theory Behavior, environment, and cognitive factors influence personality Self-efficacy is important The situation can alter a person’s personality

Social Cognitive theory Advantages Focus on cognitive process and self control Disadvantages Does not account for individual differences Does not account for biological factors