Chapter 5 Colonial Society on the Eve Of Revolution 13 colonies is misleading England controlled 32 in new world

Conquest by Cradles , million(mil.black) 800,000 imports-rest by natural causes Colonists pop. Doubling every 25 years Avg age 1775-SIXTEEN Political consequences : :1 Clustered on coast(TN/KY.) Population rank 1775-Va./Mass/Pa./N.C./MD 90% pop. Rural- Only 4 cities

A Mingling of Races Melting Pot-though most are? Create a chart with ethnic groups and their % in 1775 Describe each ethnic group-push/pull factor and demographics and place of settlement Cre’vecoeur saw a new ‘man’ dawn

The Structure of Colonial Society Majority-land owning farmers No all powerful upper class-nor large unseemly lower one Key feature rags to riches story 18th century saw a slight rise in standard of living for some-those benefiting from? By 1750-top 10% in Philly and Boston owned 2/3 War brought destitute and almshouses Planter class dominates south Lower classes swelled by Indentured servants

Structure of Colonial Society cont. Southern gap between haves and have nots greatest 1700’s saw the colonies used as a dumping ground for undesirables On the bottom of the social ladder were slaves-whose #’s continued to increase Attempt made by SC to stop imports-crown stops the bid-source of future contention

Clerics, Physicins,Jurists Most honored profession in 18th cent.? Though losing rank-still high Physicians not very well respected-mostly feared- early physicians were on a par with barbers. Epedemics swept the colonies Law- looked down upon-considered on a par with drunks and brothel keepers(bigpimpin)-Adams’ future father in law frowned upon hearing of his new son in law’s chosen profession

Work-a-day America Agriculture was the leading industry Tobacco #1 in VA/Md though wheat making inroads-Why? Middle colonies-Bread basket-NY-1759 export 80,000 barrels of flour Standard of living probably higher for our masses than for any Civilization up to that time Fishing-done in all 13-most important in ? Shipbuilding goes with fishing

Work-a-day cont. Commerce centered in middle colonies-NY and Philadelphia Manufacturing was slow to take root-England discouraged it and one could make a better living by farming Manufacturing that did exist-rum distilling/iron forges/beaver hats/spinning and weaving cloth Skilled labor hard to come by-wages were good Lumber was most important manufacturing item Shipbuilding consumed a lot of wood

Work-a-day cont. Large % of British fleet and merchant marine built in colonies Naval stores were coveted- pitch/tar/rosin/hemp/turpentine King treated those well-who made NS King also limited colonists access to her own trees-Broad Arrows

Strains Appear Americans were an important cog in England’s machine By early 1730’s trade imbalance hits the markets. England could not buy enough of our goods so we could not afford their goods. Solution-seek buyers outside the crown-problem? Mercantilism Molasses Act passed!!!

Horsepower and Sail Power Pioneers-transportation always a problem Labor and capital shortages makes matters worse Major cities not connected until 1700’s Travel by boat common Roads dangerous-wills in order? Taverns/Inns days travel apart-breeding ground for politics Mail routes public/private

Dominant Denominations 2 established churches 1775-what are they? Anglicans est. where? Hindered by security of crown support-hurt by no bishop Congregational church in N.E.(R.I.) Read charts

Great Awakening Zeal is lost-2 burdens make it worse “dead dogs”-ministers who were boring Lay liberalism-reduce standards-good works- Jacob Arminus Stage was set for a major upheavel-1730’s Jonathan Edwards-Folly of Goods Works- complete dependence on God’s Grace “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God” Edwards was reserved in his delivery-Things will change…

George Whitefield A former alehouse attendant…? He will revolutionize the spiritual life of America Actor’s comment… He was a great orator Revivals were a sight indeed 2 schools of thought emerged-Old Lights did not like new emotion- New Lights thought it was a + Many new lights became baptists- a faith open to emotion in sermons

Effects of the GA Older clergy was threatened The division it created in churches created new churches Created missionary work among natives ‘new light ‘ centers were created First spontaneous mass movement of the American people-”Americans” emerging

Education Education is for leadership not citizenship Reserved for the few New England will lead the way-good parishoners more important than good citizens-poem demonstrates change Conservative views in EDU.-reason was discouraged

A Provincial Culture American art/tastes were influenced by Britain Notable artists were-John Trumbull( ) Charles Wilson Peale( )GW artist Benjamin West John singleton Copley Travel to Eng. to train- $ and time

Pioneer Presses John Peter Zenger