Breakaway Session Traditional Knowledge Protection and IPR Issues (17 th November, 2006) Mr. V K Gupta Director, NISCAIR, New Delhi International Conclave on Traditional Medicine

Elements of Sui-generis for TK Protection Definition of IP adopted in Stockholm Convention (art 2.8), 1967 “Intellectual property’ shall include the rights relating to inventions in all fields of human endeavour, literary, artistic and scientific works, performances of performing artist, phonograms, and broadcasts, scientific discoveries, and industrial designs Inventions are not limited to S&T innovations alone, cover all fields of human endeavour including TK, TCE & Genetic Resources

Inadequacy of existing IPRs for TK Protection Can not prevent misappropriation TK is holistic –Positive protection need fragmentation Cost & affordability

Sui-generis elements Zero cost/minimal cost Ownership dispute through opposition National/Regional Fair and just benefit through market mechanism akin to Patent system Existing Scenario Inter Governmental Committee on Intellectual Property Rights, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge & Folklore (IGC) Convention on Biological Diversity Draft Legal Instrument for SAARC Countries on protection of Traditional Knowledge Sui-generis protection of Traditional Knowledge under the Peruvian Law Portugal Sui-generis Legislation for the protection of Traditional Knowledge Costo Rica Law-Decree No. 7788

CBD & TRIPS Granting of IPRs (TK & GR) –Indication of source of origin –Prior Informed Consent –Evidence of Benefit Sharing Relationship between TRIPS & TK (Doha declaration), Submission to WTO EU approach on indication of source of origin

IGC – Developments – Draft (TK Protection) Policy objectives (16) –Respect, Recognition –TK Conservation & preservation, TK holder –PIC & ABS –TK & TCE linkages Core principles (9) –Need & Expectations –Recognition –Customary laws –Specificity of TK Substantive Principles (14) –Misappropriation –Scope, Eligibility –Beneficiary, PIC & ABS –Duration of Protection –International and Regional Protection

SAARC Legal Framework (Draft) Registration and setting up of Licensing mechanism Protection for open domain TK databases Defensive protection and faster invalidation of wrong Patent Customary Laws

Peruvian Law Registration & Licensing National Public Registrar of Collective Knowledge of Indigenous people. National Confidential Register of Collective Knowledge of Indigenous people Local Register for Collective Knowledge of Indigenous people.

Thanks

Case Shaman Tribe Fable — Cost of Protection (US $) Knowledge/InnovationsIPRNationalInternational IndiaUSEUJAPANTOTAL 1.Method of preparation and usage of ‘Potion’ 2.Vase for any technical feature Patent/ Utility Model ,02,69535,2502,47,043 1.Performance of prayer 2.Garments of Paje’s Copyright101000No fee 1100

Case Shaman Tribe Fable — Cost of Protection (US $) Knowledge/InnovationsIPRNationalInternational IndiaUSEUJAPANTOTAL 1.Vase used in preparation ‘Potion’ 2.Ceremonial Garments of ‘Page’s Design Plant used in potion subjected to certain requirements New Plant Variety Protection Act NA15000 (approx.) TOTAL ($) ,03,91138,4752,68,000