America in the 1920’s and 1930’s

Women’s Rights 19 th Amendment is passed in August of 1920 – gave women the right to vote Flappers – women who challenged traditional dress and behavior

Red Scare Labor unrest, strikes and violence led many people to worry about Communist/Anarchist influence in the US. Xenophobia – fear and hatred of foreigners Nicola Sacco/Bartolomeo Vanzetti – executed in 1927 American Civil Liberties Union - ACLU

Great Migration During the 1920’s, hundreds of thousands of black southerners began moving to the North to escape racial prejudice Faced opposition from whites concerned about job losses 25 urban race riots during the 1920’s in the North

1920’s politics Warren Harding elected President in 1920 Ohio Gang Teapot Dome Scandal Harding dies in 1923 – Calvin Coolidge takes over Disarmament – limiting military weapons Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 – outlawed war Herbert Hoover elected President in 1928 Republican policies were pro-business – believed that it was not the government’s job to solve social problems Country became isolationist again

Prohibition January 16, 1920 – 18 th amendment is passed – banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages Speakeasies – illegal clubs that sold alcohol Bootleggers – alcohol smugglers Led to the rise of major criminal organizations – Al Capone December 5 th, 1933 – 21 st amendment ends Prohibition

Culture Wars Fundamentalism – teaches that the Bible is literally true and free of error 1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial Nativism – anti-immigrant feelings Emergency Quota Act – 1921 – limited immigration to 375,000 a year National Origins Act – 1924 – favored European immigrants over other races

Boom Times 1920’s – economic growth and business doubled Henry Ford – used assembly line techniques to manufacture large numbers of cars – Model T - $290 in 1927 Mass production methods led to tremendous business growth and new job opportunities Installment plans – customers made down payments and had a monthly payment after that

Jazz Age Fads – Flappers, Marathon Dancing, Flagpole Sitting 1920 – radio programs are aired regularly for the first time Movies were invented in the late 1800’s – Nickelodeons – early theaters 1927 – first movie with sound is released – “The Jazz Singer”

Famous People of the 1920’s Movies – Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Greta Garbo Sports – Jim Thorpe – Football/Olympics Helen Wills – Tennis Red Grange – Football George Herman Ruth “Babe” – Baseball Leroy (Satchel) Paige, James (Cool Papa) Bell – Negro Leagues Baseball Charles Lindbergh – Pilot – first to fly across the Atlantic – 1927 Amelia Earhart – Female pilot – disappeared in 1937

Blues and Jazz Ragtime, Blues, and Jazz were popular music styles during the 1920’s Ragtime – Scott Joplin Blues – W.C. Handy, Bessie Smith Jazz – Louie Armstrong, Duke Ellington Harlem Renaissance – period of African- American artistic growth – Langston Hughes Lost Generation – writers disgusted by the destruction of World War I – Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald Expatriate – person who leaves their native country to live elsewhere