The Civil War, 1861-1865 Chapter 15.

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil War, 1861-1865 Chapter 15

North Advantages: Population (immigrants; slaves) Large industry; financial sectors Controlled: banks, RR, factories Block S. from the trading w/the world Greenbacks—currency

North (cont’d) 7. Disadvantages Offensive war Occupy the S. Landlocked

II. South Not landlocked Defensive war High troop morale Highly trained generals

South (cont’d) Disadvantages Lack of resources Limited transportation Cotton demand dropped Inflation

III. Finding Soldiers to Fight Unionvolunteers at first 1863—Conscription (draft) New York Draft Riots Confederacy Volunteers at first Draftedwealthy also paid for others to serve

IV. Border States & Congress Lincolnneeded the border states DE, MD, MO, KYUnion slave states Some opposed the war Copperheads (aka Peace Democrats) Immediate peace w/Conf.

V. 1st Large Military Engagement July 1861, 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) 1st major land battle Union defeated “Stonewall” Jackson N. misjudged S. N.Long War!! S.became complacent

VI. Union Plan Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan 1st Phase—Anaconda Plan Union Navy blockade ALL Southern Ports Block trade & supplies 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River Cut S. in half

Union Plan (cont’d) 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA

Second Battle of Bull Run and Antietam March 1862—Gen. Robert E. Lee Forced Union Gen. John Pope to retreat Lee now had 2 major victories Hoped another would get foreign aid

Antietam Antietam—Bloodiest day 22,000 dead McClellan forced a Lee retreat McClellan didn’t pursue!! Relieved of duty Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept Confederates from getting foreign aid! Lincoln now had a victory.

VIII. Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863. Gave N. moral justification England agreed; won’t help the S. Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union 54th Mass. Infantry

IX. Ironclads Ironclad ships S. CSS Merimac N. USS Monitor No more wooden ships in U.S. navy

X. 1863: War Tips to the North 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville June 1863—Gettysburg, PA Bloodiest overall battle of the war Lee; never again try to attack the N. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg Won’t get European support; never win again

1863: War Tips to the North (cont’d) July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River Gettysburg Address Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the Union Army

XII. Gen. Sherman Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Scorched Earth—Burn & destroy fields, homes, everything Force Southerners to surrender

XII. Surrender & Assassination Pres. Lincolnno peacesurrender!!! April 9, 1965 Confederate Army surrendered Appomattox Court House April 14, 1865—Lincoln assassinated by Booth

XIII. End of Slavery & Free Blacks Confiscation Acts Property used for war seized Slaves; confiscated Freed slaves in any rebellious territory Border states? 13th Amendment—Abolished slavery in the U.S. Freedmen; 1,000s flocked to the N. 180,000 blacks fought for the Union

XIV. Consequences of the War Generation lost; 620,000 Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home, etc. 1865: 4 million new Americans (13th Amend.) Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme American democracy survived

Consequences of the War (cont’d) Economic: Southruined; industrializaiton N. would try Reconstruction of S. gov. North: Industrial boom! Many got rich off highly priced necessities Homestead Act of 1862 160 acres to any family; farm for at least 5 years

Homesteaders

Consequences of the War (cont’d) Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 Federal land for schools Teach ag. & tech. trades Pacific Railway Act of 1862 Trans. Railroad Atlantic-Pacific Ocean