Berachah Bible Institute Hebrew Grammar I Chapter 7: Hebrew Adjectives

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Function just like English adjectives Limit nouns Section 7.1 – Introduction May be used in one of three ways  Attributive Adjectives The red ball  Predicate Adjectives The ball is red  Substantive Adjectives Red is a color

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Adjectives must match the noun they modify in both gender and number Section 7.2 – Inflection of Adjectives Thus, adjectives may be either masculine or feminine and either singular or plural. (* dual nouns are matched with plural adjectives) Adjective endings match noun endings. See page 61 of book.

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives 1. Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection vAdq' yAg ~yvidoq. ~yIm: hb'Aj #r<a, tAbAj tAlWtB. MF S P Note: Dual noun matched with plural adjective

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives 2. Plural adjectives are singular in translation value unless used substantively. Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection (cont.)  Attributive Adjectives A wise kingORWise kings ~k'x' %l,m,ñ ~ymik'x] ~ykil'm.  Predicate Adjectives a king is wiseORKings are wise %l,m,ñ ~k'x' ~ykil'm. ~ymik'x]  Substantive Adjectives A wise person ORWise people ~k'x' ~ymik'x]

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives 3. Adjectives undergo vowel changes when the inflectional endings are added. Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection (cont.) Good Ship Hebrew E.g, ~k'x'  ~ymik'x]

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives First, review their three uses: Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives  Attributive Adjectives The red ball  Predicate Adjectives The ball is red  Substantive Adjectives Red is a color

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.) How do you know how an adjective is being used? 1) Attributive (The red ball) Follows the noun Agrees with noun in number and gender Agrees with noun in definiteness 2) Predicate (The ball is red) May precede or follow the noun Agrees with noun in number and gender Does not have the definite article (may or may not match noun) 3) Substantive (Red is a color) No noun for it to modify No noun for it to agree with May or may not have the definite article

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.) Some definitive questions you can ask (in this order)… 1) Is there a noun for the adjective to modify? If not, SUBSTANTIVE 3) Does the adjective have the definite article? If so, ATTRIBUTIVE 2) Does the adjective precede the noun? If so, PREDICATIVE If none of these questions work, that means… 1) There a noun for the adjective to modify. 2) The adjective follows the noun 3) Neither the adjective nor the noun has the definite article. 4) Does the noun have the definite article? If so, PREDICATIVE Must examine the context…

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.) tAn=b' yTeäv. !b"ßl'l.W ha'êle ‘hl'doG>h; ~veÛ Gen 29:16 And to Laban [were]twodaughters The name ofthe great one [was] lxe(r" hN"ßj;Q.h; ~veîw> Leah And the name of the small one [was]Rachel

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.) yMiê[i bK;äv.li ‘yl;ae aB'Û lAd)G" lAqïB. ar"Þq.a,w" Gen 39:14 He came into meto lie and I cried outwith a sound with me Grammatically, could be “with a sound is great” “with a great sound” great

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.) ‘daom. lAdÜG" hv,ªmo vyaiäh' ~yIr:êc.mi #r<a,äB. Exod 11:13 The manMosesgreat in the land ofEgypt very Grammatically, could be “The man was a very great Moses” “The man Moses was very great”

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.5 – Lexical Form To find an adjective in the lexicon (dictionary), you must look for the masculine, singular form. ~yqi Axr> qAxr " tAqA xr> qAxr " hq"A xr> qAxr "

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.6 – Directional Ending Don’t be confused…Has nothing to do with Hebrew Adjectives. But, you have to talk about it somewhere… When you add a non-accented h ' on the end of a noun, it is like adding the preposition la, to the front of it. If you add it to a feminine noun already ending in h ', the final h of the noun becomes a t (see the first example below).

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.) At‡ao !Waåc.m.Ti !KEå ry[iäh' ~k,äa]boK. lkoªa/l, ht'm'øB'h; hl,’[]y: ~r<j,B. When you enterthe citythusyou will find (Definite direct object marker) him before 1 Sam 9:13 he goes up hm'B' = “high place” to the high place to eat Ch. 7 vocabulary word

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.) hr"h'ªh' ~V'ømi qTe’[.Y:w: And he movedfrom thereto the hill country Gen 12:8

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Section 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.) hl'êAdg> h['äWrT. ‘~['h' W[yrIÜY"w: And they shoutedthe peoplea shout Joshua 6:20 h'yT,ªx.T; hm'øAxh;( lPo’Tiw: ‘hr"y[i’h' ~['Ûh' l[;Y:“w: a great (Ch. 7) Notice how context tells us this is an attributive adjective. And it fellthe wall (fs)in its place And they went up the people to the city

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Hebrew Adjectives Know the “inflectional endings” on page 61 (#1). Section Summary Know the three ways adjectives are used (#4, a-c). Know this item exactly and in all details! Know how the Hebrew directional ending works (#5)

BBI Hebrew Grammar I Reminder Vocabulary and Grammar Quiz this week. Don’t forget to be doing journal (turn end) After chapter 6, you know 51% of all OT words After chapter 7, you will know 53% of all OT words MIDTERM THIS WEEK. Will cover grammar and vocabulary from chapters 1-6 No class Oct 15 and Oct 22, but study! Assignments due on Oct 29.