Midterm Review - Photoshop Notes

Crop tool  The crop tool trims and scales a photograph  The crop tool permanently deletes all the pixels outside the crop selection area  Fifth tool down in the tools bar  Drag a marquee around the picture and then use the sizing handles to fit it to the picture.  Press enter or return to crop the picture

Gradient Tool  Fades between multiple colors  Control color and shape of gradient  Customizable  Used to fill selections, shapes, or text  Video:

Automatic Adjustments  The auto color command adjusts the contrast and color of an image.  Image > Auto color  The auto contrast command (highlights and shadows) and the overall mix of colors in an image  Image > Auto contrast

Shadows and Highlights  Used to bring out the detail or light areas of an image.  Image > Adjustments > Shadows/highlights  Photoshop automatically applies default settings, you can customize if you want

Adjustments Panel  Panel used to fix or add effects to photos  Nondestructively changes the photo by adding an adjustment layer  EX: Brightness/contrast, levels, curves, exposure, hue/ saturation, color balance, black/white, vibrance, etc.  Found above layers panel  Bottom left of panel is the arrow to return to adjustments

Replace color  Changes the color of an image  Select whatever you want to change colors using any selection tool (marque, quick select, etc.)  Image > adjustments > replace color  The dialogue box opens  Sample the color to change  Then choose the result color  Video:

Dodge, Burn & Sponge Tools  The dodge tool brightens  The burn tool darkens  The sponge tool changes the color saturation

Convert an Image to Black and White 1. Add an adjustment layer (Hue/Saturation) Change the saturation level to Image →Mode → Grayscale 3. Layer Style, Color Overlay, Saturation  Image → Adjustments → Black and White Video: ep3j4 ep3j4

New Layer  Layer menu > new  Layers panel > new layer button (peeling page) or right click  You can make new layers via cut or copy  Use a selection tool to select what you want a copy of  Layer > New > Layer Via Copy or Layer Via Cut

Canvas Size  The area in which the picture is located  You can make it larger or smaller  Image – canvas size  Use the dialogue box to help you create the new canvas size  Choose the color you want the new canvas to be  Video: S6Ujg S6Ujg

Guides and Rulers  View → Check Rulers/ or Ctrl + R  To change measurements, right-click or double click on ruler  Doesn’t print  View → New Guide  Click and drag from ruler  Doesn’t print

Color Mode  Two kinds of color modes  CMYK and RGB  Photoshop can switch between color modes  Image > Mode > change to the correct color mode  Filters can be applied to RGB color mode and not CMYK

Layer Group  organize your layers into folders  Folder button on the bottom of the layer panel, or go to layer > new layer group  To put layers in the group drag them on top of the group  thumbnail will be indented  Video:

Vignette (pron. “vin-yet”)  Picture whose border fades into background or border color  Method 1 : Create a border with a feathered selection  Method 2 : Create a layer mask with a gradient to the background color 

Clipping Mask  When a picture takes the shape of Text  Position picture layer over text layer in the Layers Panel  Go to Layer → Create Clipping Mask OR  Alt-click between the layers  Video:

Paint Bucket  Adds 1 color to a selection or an entire layer  Uses the foreground color  Hidden tool underneath the gradient tool

Stroke  A border or outline around a part of an image or text Method 1: (destructive) Edit > Stroke Select color, size,and location Method 2: (nondestructive) Add Layer Style > Stroke Select color and size

Content Aware  Takes the information around the selection and uses that to fill the selection 1. Make selection 2. Go to Edit → Fill 3. Use: Content Aware 4. Click OK 5. Video:

Refine Edge  Located on Options Bar of selection tools  Allows you to improve your selections

Opacity  Opacity refers to how solid an image, color, or shape is  The more opacity a layer has, the less transparent it is

Arrange Documents  Arrange multiple windows into split screen  Window > arrange  Select the way you want to view your images

Camera Raw  Is a digital negative  Many digital cameras can save images as raw format files  Plan your workflow to move from left to right and top to bottom in the panels  You cam automatically apply the settings to other pictures you have open in camera ray  Synchronize photos  Video 1:  Video 2:

Load a Saved Selection  Selection that is saved and you can use again. It is saved to your channels  Look for the keyword  Go to Select – Load Selection – channels  The channel is then selected  Video:

Depth of Field  When you take a picture you can only focus on the foreground or background  If you take two pictures of the same area 1 focused on foreground and 1 on the background you can merge them so the entire picture is in focus  With both pictures selected  Edit – Auto align layers – this make sure the 2 pictures line up  Edit – Auto Blend Layers

Create a texture  In Photoshop you can apply textures to different layers to enhance the quality of the projects  You can make any PSD document into a texture  Filter – Filter Gallery – Texturizer – Load Texture – Open the saved texture – Set scale and relief

Animated GIF  Is a sequence of images, or frames  Each frame varies slightly from the preceding frame, creating the illusion of movement when they are viewed in quick succession  Window – animation  Save it  File – save for web and devices – save  video 1:  Video 2:

Inverse  To select the opposite of what you selected  Select > Inverse

Smart Objects  Layers that you can edit non destructively  Changes you make to the image remain editable and do not affect the actual image pixels, which are preserved

Bitmap Image  Also called raster images  Are based on a grid of colors known as pixels  In working with bitmap images, you edit groups of pixels rather than objects or shapes  They are appropriate for continuous tone images such as photographs or artworks disadvantages of bitmap is they contain a fixed number of pixels they can lose detail when scaled up onscreen

Vector Image  Are made up of lines (stroke) and colors (fill) defined by mathematical objects called vectors  These graphics retain their crispness whether they are moved, resized, or have their color changed  Vector graphics are appropriate for illustrations, type, and graphics such as logos that may be scaled to different sizes

Rasterize  Convert a vector layer to an image layer  After a layer is rasterized it can no longer be edited as vector  You can rasterize shapes and text to use imaging tools on them such as layer adjustments or shading tools like dodge and burn

Path  The outline of a vector shape  A path is a curved or straight line segment you draw using the Pen, Magnetic Pen, or Freeform Pen tool  Paths can be open or closed. Open paths have two distinct endpoints. Closed paths are continuous. The type of path you draw affects how it can be selected and adjusted  Paths that have not been filled of stroked do not print when you print your artwork. This is because paths are vector objects that contain no pixels, unlike shapes drawn by the pencil tool and other painting objects

Create Text on a Path 1. Create a shape/ pattern/ line using a shape tool  In options, select Paths 2. Switch to text tool and click on shape path (line of shape) 3. Add text – make sure the pointer changes and you are on the path otherwise it will not follow the path  Change fonts, sizes, shapes as needed – character panel information

Rule of Thirds  Is a design principle that divides a page into nine squares and then placing the page elements of most interest on the intersections of the grid lines

Print size view  In Photoshop the view you see on your screen is usually different than the size it would be if you were to print the picture.  To see the print size view of your project  View > Print Size

Custom Workspace  Essentials, Design, and Painting are the default workspaces for Photoshop  If you use certain panels more than others when you work you can customize your own workspace  You click on the two arrows and then new workspace  Video:

Meta data  Information about a file, such as keywords, descriptions, and copyright information  This information is not visible in the image itself but only hidden in the file

Non destructive mask  Adds a mask to a layer but doesn’t harm the layer’s pixels  Method 1: add mask button (layers panel)  Method 2: layer menu > layer mask  Choose hide/reveal all or a selection  Video 1:  Video 2:

Red Eye  Red eye occurs when the retina of a subject’s eye is reflected by the camera flash  It commonly occurs in photograph's of a subject in a darkened room because the subject's irises are wide open  Red eye is easy to fix in Photoshop  Select the red eye tool hidden under the spot healing brush  Click on the red area of the eye  Video:

Sharpening Edges  Photoshop has several filters that sharpen areas of an image  All of them focus blurry images by increasing the contrast of adjacent pixels  Filter > sharpen > there are sseveral sharpening filters, but the “unsharp mask” will give you more options to change  Video:

Merge Layers  When two or more layers become one layer  Method 1: Layer menu > merge down or merge visible or merge layers (selected)  Method 2: right click on the layer in the layers panel to merge  Select layers to choose which to merge, or use default options

Create a PDF sheet  Portable Document Format  To create a PDF image gallery  Launch Bridge  Choose the Output workspace – Output  Select the images we want on the gallery, press CTRL + Click to select different images, or Shift + Click the first and last image to select all images  Then work your way down the Output panel to the save button.

Flatten Image  Flatten image takes all the layers and flattens them into one layer  This is helpful in reducing file size  Method 1: Layer > flatten image  Method 2: Right click the layer and go to flatten image  Video:

Define a Pattern  You can take any drawing/image and turn it into a pattern  First create/draw your pattern  Select what you want to be your pattern  Edit > define pattern > name your pattern  Select where you want your pattern to fill – if you don’t select anything, you will fill the entire layer  Add a new layer  Edit > Fill > Pattern > choose your pattern of choice  Video:

Alpha Channels  Special grayscale channels  An image can contain up to 56 channels, including all color and alpha channels  All channels are 8-bit grayscale images, capable of displaying 256 levels of gray.  You can specify a name, color, mask option, and opacity for each  All new channels have the same dimensions and number of pixels as the original  You can edit the mask in an alpha channel using the painting tools, editing tools, and filters