The Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings Arkansas Chapter ASHRAE February 2008 Bill Harrison

Total Energy Consumption United States

World Marketed Energy Consumption Quadrillion Btu HistoryProjections Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual Report 2004

Global Energy Consumption Total: 12.8 TW U.S.: 3.3 TW (99 Quads) HydroRenew Gas

The Rising Cost of Oil

World Energy Consumption

Net-Zero-Energy Buildings Buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.

Energy Terms Energy Use Intensity: BTU/Sq. Ft./Year CBECS: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey DOE Determination: Modeled predicted performance of a building designed in compliance with ASHRAE Std Site versus Source

CBECS Snapshot of entire commercial sector as of a certain date (done every 4 years— 1999, 2003, 2007) Data masked to protect privacy—no real locations, no real areas, skewed number of floors Lots of detail about building composition (but it is self-reported) Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey

Relative EUI Values All are “site” values in BTU / Square Foot / Year 91,000: 2003 CBECS data 47, ,000: Probable Determination Number 36,000: Target for ,000: Energy Efficient Building 0: Net Zero Energy Building - Requires renewable energy (PV, Wind)

Implications for Building Designers Absolute requirement to incorporate energy efficiency into all of our designs Better use of tools to predict energy use in buildings Use of life cycle costing Learning to communicate the message to owners and their agents

Architecture 2030 Challenge  Architecture 2030 Challenge target: in 2007 all new buildings and major renovations shall be designed to use 50% of the regional average for that building type, on fossil fuel reduction basis (2030 is on carbon basis) in 2007 all new buildings and major renovations shall be designed to use 50% of the regional average for that building type, on fossil fuel reduction basis (2030 is on carbon basis) Target increases to 60% in 2010 and by 10% for each 5 years thereafter until in 2030 all new and renovated building designs will be carbon neutral (using no net fossil fuel energy to operate)

AIA Green Building Coalition Adopted the Architecture 2030 Challenge  AIA  U.S. Green Building Council  ASHRAE Adopted CBECS Baseline

Practical Energy Measures Building orientation Daylighting Improved envelope thermal performance Cool roof External overhang or shading Continuous air barrier

Integrated Design Architect, HVAC, lighting and electrical, interior design, landscape architecture Establish energy budget during conceptual design phase of project Monitor energy impact of building decisions Future: Building Information Modeling

Energy Modeling Manufacturers’ programs Energy Plus gyplus eQuest DOE-2.1E

Reference Sources US Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Great case studies EPA ASHRAE

Case Study Buildings Oberlin College Lewis Center Oberlin, Ohio goal: zero net site energy use (79%) Zion Visitor Center Springdale, UT goal: 70% energy cost savings (65%) Cambria Office Building Ebensburg, PA goal: 66% energy cost savings (43%) Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF) Annapolis, MD goal: LEED 1.0 Platinum Rating (25%) Thermal Test Facility (TTF) Golden, CO goal: 70% energy savings (51%) BigHorn Home Improvement Silverthorne, CO goal: 60% energy cost savings (53%) Science House, Science Museum of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota goal: zero net site energy use (139%)

0 0%100% Source Energy Savings (%) Total Annual Costs ($/year) Lease Costs (or Finance Costs) utility bills cash flow 1 2 The Path to a Net Zero Building

Sustainability Standards – Prescriptive and Performance 189.1P – High Performance Green Buildings 189.2P – High Performance Green Healthcare Facilities 191P - Water Conservation Standard

Advanced Energy Design Guides

AEDG for K-12 School Buildings 30% savings over % savings over Distributed to 14,000 school administrators Distributed to 14,000 school administrators All AEDG available for free download All AEDG available for free download

ASHRAE GreenGuide Second Edition Second Edition Step-by-step manual for the entire building lifecycle Step-by-step manual for the entire building lifecycle Construction, operation, maintenance, and eventual demolition Construction, operation, maintenance, and eventual demolition Techniques applicable to related technical disciplines Techniques applicable to related technical disciplines 29 "Green Tips" 29 "Green Tips" Case studies, checklists, and other practical information Case studies, checklists, and other practical information

High Performing Buildings  Launched November 2007  Case Studies  Lessons Learned

Hot and Humid Design Guide  Published January 2008  First Edition

Summary Energy Efficiency is imperative – set a target energy budget, talk about EUI Make energy modeling a standard step in design process – track EUI changes Communicate with owners and agents Document efficiency measures to transmit to building operators