Unit 9: Antebellum America ANTE means BEFORE BELLUM means WAR This is the time period BEFORE the CIVIL WAR

BIG ISSUES DURING THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD ImmigrationImmigration Industrial GrowthIndustrial Growth The Reform MovementThe Reform Movement Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny –Texas and Mexico –Oregon SlaverySlavery North vs. SouthNorth vs. South

IMMIGRATION America was considered the “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY” WHY?America was considered the “LAND OF OPPORTUNITY” WHY? Cheap LandCheap Land JobsJobs FreedomFreedom Two groups come over in HUGE numbers: IRISHIRISH GERMANSGERMANS

THE IRISH TODAY we love the IrishTODAY we love the Irish They used to be HATED!!!!!They used to be HATED!!!!! WHY?WHY? –POOR –CATHOLIC (“Papists” = followed the POPE) –So MANY (Huge Families) –IRISH considered a DIFFERENT RACE than American PROTESTANTS IRISH settle mostly in NORTHERN CITIES: BOSTON and NEW YORK

The Irish “Invasion”

Papist Invasion? Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome HOME OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

PAPISTS Alligators orAlligators or BISHOPS FROM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH INVADING AMERICA??? ????

Irish immigrant portrayed as an ape carves up democracy with the Parish Priest

Frequent addition to job postings Irish in New EnglandIrish in New England

The Fighting Irish: an insult to Irish Americans? Fighting Irish The “Paddy Wagon”Fighting Irish The “Paddy Wagon”

Blacks and Irish Blacks and Irish competed for jobsBlacks and Irish competed for jobs Both were considered a lesser raceBoth were considered a lesser race

German Immigration Most Germans who came to America came for economic and political reasons Most were farmers Religiously most were Protestants They were not as poor as the Irish immigrants They settled mostly in the Midwest in cities like Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Louis They brought with them traditions from home: –Brewing –Kindergarten (Child’s Garden)

Germans flock to the Midwest

German-English Newspapers

Nativists attack all immigrants Nativists: Those who favor NATIVE-BORN citizens over IMMIGRANTS. Ironically all Americans were at one time IMMIGRANTS.

The Know-Nothing Party Flag KNOW NOTHINGS: HATED CATHOLICS and foreigners in general

Self Test How did little tiny England become a GLOBAL POWERHOUSE? Why does INDUSTRY attract immigrants? What is the value of a good idea?

England: Industrial Powerhouse England Industrializes 18 th Century Industry + Naval Power = Global Powerhouse England can now mass produce goods and use their Navy to ship them around the world

The American Factory System is born Samuel Slater: British Mechanic Brings industrial secrets to US F First Factory in US NEW ENGLAND IS PERFECT FOR FACTORIES: HARBORS, PEOPLE, RIVERS FOR POWER Rhode Island Memorized Factory plans

TECHNOLOGY: American Inventors ELI WHITNEY: 1. The Cotton Engine “Gin” Revolutionized Cotton Production 50 times more efficient 2. Interchangeable Parts: efficient Manufacturing through Standardization

The Sewing Machine The Sewing Machine All clothing had to be hand stitched before this machine was invented Elias Howe Issac Singer

The Telegraph COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION Samuel F.B. Morse

Mechanical Reaper “You reap what you sow” Farmers used to cut all wheat by hand. It took hours and was hard labor. Mechanical Reaper did it in minutes Cyrus McCormack

Turnpikes: People built their own roads and then charged people to use them Then and NOW Then and NOW

Robert Fulton: Perfects the STEAMBOAT Now boats can go “up the river” against the Tide and current First used in the Hudson River in New York

Canal Mania: Canals allowed for the mass Transportation of bulk products. The most successful Canal = Erie Canal in New York. Dug by hand by Irish Immigrants New Jersey’s D&R Canal connected NYC to Philadelphia

R.R.’s Railroads KILL THE CANALS WHY? 1.All weather 2.More efficient 3.Faster 4.Cheaper RAILROADS ARE THE TRANSPORTATION POWERHOUSE UNTIL THE AIRPLANE KILLS THEM Railroads were built by cheap Chinese and Irish labor. Both groups faced Hatred from NATIVISTS

SLAVERY

1. Slavery slowly fades away in the North 2. Slavery was banned in the Northwest Territory 3. NEW JERSEY is the last northern state to abolish slavery SLAVERY IN THE NORTH:

Antebellum America

Southern Economy

1820 Cotton Production 1860 Cotton Production Cotton Growing Boom

Human beings sold at auction

Slave Branding Irons Slave Muzzle

Fugitive Slave Reward Poster Slave Dealer Solicitation