INDIA By, Laura Berkowitz, Lindsay Martinez, Eric Border, and Leo Lopez INDIA BY, LAURA BERKOWITZ, LINDSAY MARTINEZ, ERIC BORDER, AND LEO LOPEZ

Top 5 Countries of Destination 1995 Outflows of Employed Nationals Saudi Arabia256,782 United Arab Emirates 79,674 Oman 22,338 Kuwait16,439 Bahrain11, Contract Migrant Workers Saudi Arabia78,048 United Arab Emirates53,673 Kuwait39,751 Oman30,985 Singapore27,886

Per Capita Income India’s Per Capita Income in 2003 is estimated at $2,900

2003 Per Capita Income of Top 5 Receiving Saudi Arabia $11,800 United Arab Emirates $23,200 Kuwait$18,100 Singapore$23,700 Oman$13,400 Countries

Year Worker’s Remittances (Millions US$) 19902, , , , , , , , , ,002 REMITTANCESREMITTANCES TOINDIATOINDIA

Why Do Migrants Leave Home? Natural Disasters Political Purposes

NATURAL DISASTERS The 2004 Tsunami The killer tidal wave destroyed over 2,260 kilometers of coastline 1,100 dead; 6,000 missing and presumed as dead Local business, resorts, and schools were demolished Over $2 billion needed for reconstruction Disease and poverty have exploded among the population Several left homeless

KASHMIR TENSION IN THE STATE OF KASHMIR LONG-STANDING TENSIONS BETWEEN LONG-STANDING TENSIONS BETWEEN KASHMIR AND NEIGHBORING PAKISTAN SEPARTIST GROUPS GAIN POWER SEPARTIST GROUPS GAIN POWER VOTERS THREATENED BY VOTERS THREATENED BY SEPARTIST GROUPS

ANDREH PRADESH VIOLENCE VIOLENT CLASHES BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE GOVERNMENTS AND THE MAOIST REBEL PEOPLE’S WAR GROUP (PWG) AN ESTIMATED 6,000 DEATHS THUS FAR GOVERNMENT INITIATED PEACE TALKS AND AN UNEASY TRUCE WAS ESTABLISHED AFTER ATTACKS ON REBEL FORCES, REBELS WITHDRAWL FROM PEACE PROCESS

ECONOMICS UNEMPLOYMENT High unemployment Sixty per cent of India's workforce is self-employed, but still remain near poverty. Nearly 30 per cent are casual workers (i.e. they work only when they are able to get jobs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days). Only about 10 per cent are regular employees. EDUCATION Over 70 per cent of the labor force is either illiterate or educated below the primary level.

Why Do They Go To The Top 5 Destinations Investment: Migration from India to the Middle East is traced back to the period when the British East India Company began to invest there. Investment: Migration from India to the Middle East is traced back to the period when the British East India Company began to invest there. Large government and private investments in the Middle East. In response to the demand of unskilled labor in the Gulf States. In response to the demand of unskilled labor in the Gulf States.

Remittances 1983 India passed a law that gave more rights to expatriates working in other countries.

Immigration & Unemployment Economy has had 6% growth rate since 1990 Caused rate to drop by 10% Rate now sits at 9.5% Net Migration Rate = Meaning that for every 1000 people 7 are leaving the country

Skilled/Unskilled Workers Every year India graduates 1,000,000 engineers India now provides the brain power to the world’s high tech companies like IBM, Motorola and Microsoft.

Gender Relations Most migrants into India are from Bangladesh Over 1 million women and children have been trafficked out of Bangladesh over the last 30 years. Most are lured with the promise of a better life and are then forced into prostitution or become “professional beggars.”

India and Bangladesh – A work in progress Indians is mostly Hindu and Bangladesh is mostly Muslim, this has been the source of some tension between the two countries. They have been arguing over shared water resources from the Ganges River. Illegal Immigration has also been a sore spot with talks of India building a wall to on the Indian Bangladesh border.

Migrants Themselves Indian migrants assimilate to the country they migrate to, but still practice and follow the customs and traditions of their home country. Most Indian migrants speak Hindu, so a new language most be learned to function in the society of the new country.

Self Sacrifice Indian migrants in other countries spend little of the money they make so that they can send it back to their poor families in India. They choose to live in an almost poverty stricken conditions to give their families more money.

Hate Comes in Many Forms Indian migrants face discrimination and hatred by many different people in many different ways. Indian migrants face prejudice

Tensions Within Families There is a lot of tension and strain on the family relationships of Indian migrants in other countries and their family still living in India. Most Indian migrants go to another country for years at a time to make money to send back to their families. The absence of the migrant’s presence creates conflict for the migrant and the family still living in India.