Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter Neuter – Orchiectomy (castration) Removal of the testes Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter Spay – Ovariohysterectomy Removal of the ovaries and the entire uterus “spayed” not “spade” or “spaded”. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter In the past, was done when the animal reached six months of age. Today the operation can be performed as early as six weeks. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 1. It’s cruel to spay or neuter. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 2. My pet will become fat and lazy. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 3. It costs too much money. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 4. I have a male. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 5. It’s better for her to have one litter. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 6. I have a purebred animal. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 7. I want my children to witness the miracle of birth. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 8. I will sell the puppies/kittens and make money. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 9. My pet’s personality will change. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Excuses: 10. I am concerned about my pet undergoing anesthesia. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Truth: 1. Spaying and neutering contributes to a longer and healthier life. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Truth: 2. Spaying and neutering prevents overpopulation. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Truth: 3. An altered pet is better for your family. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Truth: 4. An altered pet is cleaner – no spraying or bleeding. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Spay/Neuter The Truth: 5. Spaying and neutering may prevent pets from roaming and getting into fights. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Bandaging Bandaging methods are designed for specific areas of the body or specific purposes. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Bandaging The two areas most commonly bandaged are the abdomen and the legs. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage commonly called the bellyband. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage used after abdominal surgery to prevent the animal from licking the incision and to keep it clean. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to: 1) control fluid leakage Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to: 2) keep medication on the wound Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage also used if an injury has occurred in the abdominal area to: 3) keep the wound as sterile as possible Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage The bellyband consists of four layers: 1) a sterile non-stick pad 2) a layer of absorbent cotton 3) a layer of gauze 4) a final layer of adhesive bandage Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage The main goal when applying a bellyband is to keep it snug and smooth so that it is comfortable and less likely to slip loose. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage It is important not to apply it too tightly since this will cause patient discomfort. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage To apply a bellyband: 1) Start at the front of the abdomen and wrap towards the back overlapping the edges of the bandage. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage To apply a bellyband: 2) When you reach the back, wrap the bandage towards the front, continuing to overlap the edges. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Abdominal Bandage To apply a bellyband: Each layer should be wrapped front and back at least one time. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages generally applied for the purpose of: covering an open wound Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages generally applied for the purpose of: 2) lending support to the leg Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages generally applied for the purpose of: 3) securing a catheter Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages usually have four layers for wounds or catheters : a non-stick pad Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages usually have four layers for wounds or catheters : 2) absorbent cotton Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages usually have four layers for wounds or catheters : 3) gauze Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages usually have four layers for wounds or catheters : 4) adhesive bandage Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Leg Bandages Support leg bandages are mostly used on horses. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Support Leg Bandages consist of a cotton or quilt layer and an elastic bandage Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Support Leg Bandages Whenever a bandage is applied to a horse’s leg it should be started on the outside of the leg and wrapped towards to back of the leg. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Support Leg Bandages will support the tendons and ligaments of the leg Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccinations an important part of every animal’s health care program Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccinations a large part of all veterinary practices Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccinations lessen the chance that an animal will contract a disease Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccinations When and how often an animal is vaccinated will vary from vet to vet and their location within the country. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Causes of Disease Diseases are divided into two categories, infectious and non-infectious. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Causes of Disease Infectious diseases can be passed from animal to animal or from animal to human. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Causes of Disease Diseases that are passed from animal to human are called zoonotic. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Causes of Disease Non-infectious diseases cannot be passed from one animal to another or to humans. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, helminthes, protozoa, and arthropods Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases disease-causing agents can enter an animal through the skin, mouth, mucous membranes, lungs, or reproductive tract. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases can also be spread by either direct or indirect means. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases Direct transmission occurs by skin contact, ingestion of an infected animal, inhalation, and sexual/reproductive contact Hospital Procedures TM

Infectious Diseases Indirect transmission uses vectors, vehicles, and fomites Hospital Procedures TM

Infectious Diseases Vectors mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, flies Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases Vehicles equipment (brushes, buckets) instruments (needles, scissors) utensils Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Infectious Diseases Fomites water, air, soil, food Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: dysfunctions of one or more body systems Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: nutritional deficiencies Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: poisoning Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: physical injuries Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: stress Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases caused by: stress Hospital Procedures TM

Non-infectious Diseases Genetics and environment are also factors Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Immunity a function of the lymph system and protects the body from infection, disease and foreign bodies Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Immunity System produces antibodies specialized proteins designed to fight antigens Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Immunity System Antigens any foreign substances that induce an immune response. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Immunity can be established through passive or active means Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Passive Immunity when an animal is given antibodies that have already been produced by another individual Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Passive Immunity Antibodies passing from the mother through the placenta and in the colostrum. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Passive Immunity provides only short-term immunity because the body breaks down the antibodies Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Active Immunity when an animal produces antibodies by natural or artificial means in response to an antigen Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Active Immunity produced naturally when an animal is exposed to a disease and builds antibodies in response Artificial Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Active Immunity produced artificially when an animal is vaccinated and builds antibodies in response to the vaccine Natural Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccines substances that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccines Two main types: modified-live killed Hospital Procedures TM

Vaccines Modified-live Vaccines altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccines Killed Vaccines disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccines Killed Vaccines Immunity developed with this vaccine is generally weaker than a modified-live vaccine. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Vaccines Killed Vaccines There is also a possibility that the animal is allergic to the compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent. Hospital Procedures TM

Diseases to Vaccinate For Dogs Leptospirosis Lyme disease Parainfluenza Parvovirus Rabies Bordetella (Kennel cough) Coronavirus Distemper Infectious hepatitis Hospital Procedures TM

Diseases to Vaccinate For Cats • Feline viral rhinotracheitits • Panleukopenia • Rabies • Feline calicivirus • Feline infectious peritonitis • Feline leukemia virus Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Dental Care just as important for pets as it is for humans Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Dental Care both cats and dogs are susceptible to gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as other dental problems Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Gingivitis an inflammation and infection of the sensitive gums surrounding the teeth Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Periodontal Disease an advanced stage of gingivitis where the gingiva separates from the tooth and decay of the tooth sets in Hospital Procedures TM

Signs of Poor Oral Health Persistent bad breath Difficulty eating Loss of appetite Hospital Procedures TM

Signs of Poor Oral Health Inflamed or bleeding gums Tartar Excessive pawing at the mouth Loose or missing teeth Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Keeping Teeth Clean Dentistry is most often performed by the technician. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Keeping Teeth Clean Dentistry is accomplished like human dentistry the teeth are: cleaned, polished, and examined for abnormalities and disease Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Keeping Teeth Clean The main difference is that the patients are anesthetized for the procedure. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Keeping Teeth Clean The technician is responsible for educating clients on the process of brushing their pet’s teeth. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care • Begin by handling your pet’s mouth. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care Get them to accept a finger being rubbed along the teeth and gums. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care Next, use a small toothbrush or a specially designed finger brush to scrub your pet’s teeth. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care Only the outside of the tooth needs to be brushed. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care There are several types of flavored pet toothpaste that your pet will enjoy. Hospital Procedures TM

NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE! Home Dental Care NEVER USE HUMAN TOOTHPASTE! (It may make your pet sick if swallowed.) Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care Brush your pet’s teeth at least twice a week. Hospital Procedures TM

Home Dental Care Develop a routine and make it fun for your pet. (They will think they are getting a treat!) Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Home Dental Care Feeding dry food and rawhide chews will cut down on the amount of tartar buildup. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Anatomy of a Tooth Enamel Crown Dentin Gingiva Periodontal ligament Root Pulp canal Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Medication Routes of Administration Medication is administered in different ways depending on the type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it. Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Medication Routes of Administration Example: a pill for preventing heartworm can be given orally Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Medication Routes of Administration Example: a drug to prevent shock should be given IV (intravenously) since it is a life or death situation. Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Medication Routes of Administration Common Routes: Oral IM – intramuscular Nasal IP – intraperitoneal Subcutaneous IV – intravenous (Sub-Q) Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Nasal Sub-Q Oral IM IP IV Hospital Procedures TM

Routes of Administration Medication Routes of Administration Most vaccinations are given SubQ or IM. Some are given nasally. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Come in many shapes and sizes. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Should be familiar with them so that the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Needles come in several sizes that are referred to as gauges. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes The smaller the gauge, the larger the needle. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Common Gauges: 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27 Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Large gauge needles (16,18,20) are used for horses, swine and cattle. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Small gauge needles (21,22,23,25,27) are used for cats, dogs, and exotics. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Syringes also come in various sizes. Hospital Procedures TM

Needles & Syringes The most common sizes are: insulin, 1, 3, 6, 12, 20, 35, and 60 ml 1 ml syringes are called tuberculin syringes Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Insulin syringes come with attached needles and are measured in increments called units. Hospital Procedures TM

Needles & Syringes Syringes also come with different styles of tips. Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Luer-Lok tip – has a threaded tip to hold needle securely Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Slip tip – this is the standard syringe tip Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Eccentric tip – used to get a straighter angle for IV injections Hospital Procedures TM

Hospital Procedures TM Needles & Syringes Catheter tip – used to administer oral medications and liquefied food Hospital Procedures TM

Filling and Reading a Syringe Needles & Syringes Filling and Reading a Syringe It is important to know the proper way to fill and read a syringe. Hospital Procedures TM

Filling and Reading a Syringe Needles & Syringes Filling and Reading a Syringe Improper filling and reading could result in an over or under dose of medication. Hospital Procedures TM

Filling and Reading a Syringe Needles & Syringes Filling and Reading a Syringe A properly filled syringe should have no air bubbles and should be filled to the correct amount. Hospital Procedures TM

Filling and Reading a Syringe Needles & Syringes Filling and Reading a Syringe Air bubbles injected into a vein could potentially cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death. Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Dispensing medication requires knowledge of math and the laws that govern how a medication is packaged and labeled. Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication It is critical that medication is given in the right amount and that the directions for the client are clear and correct. Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: Name of veterinarian, address, phone, clinic name Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: 2. Patient’s name and species Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: 3. Name of medication, concentration, and number of units dispensed Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: Directions for use, including route of administration, and dosing interval ex. - 3x/day for 5 days Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: 5. Date Hospital Procedures TM

Dispensing & Labeling Medication Every medication label is required by law to include: 6. Warning statement: For Veterinary Use Only Hospital Procedures TM

Medication Labels Wild Wood Veterinary Hospital Melvin Turner, DVM 128 Clearbrook Drive Colorado Springs, CO 75074 (719) 954-1169 Client/Patient Name:___________________________________________ Species:___________ Beth Lowery – Fido Canine Medication:__________________________________________________ Amount:__________________________ Clavamox 25mls Directions for use: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Give 2 mls twice a day until gone Date:_______________________ 11/28/02 For Veterinary Use Only. Hospital Procedures TM