Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 1 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 ERD – Emerging Research Architectures Paul Franzon, Chapter Sections: I.Introduction II.Emerging Memory Devices in Conventional Computing II.1 Application Drivers –Coordinating with System Drivers and Design II.2 Emerging Memory Structures III. Morphic Computing

Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 2 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 Application Drivers Multi-Core Computing for Personal and Departmental Use –Multi-threading; Power consumption; Instant-on computing Database Computing in the Cloud –Relational and Non-relational databases –PB scales, massive concurrency, real time indexing; Power proportionality; Power;  Storage Class Memory (SCM) Exascale Computing –Large scale supercomputing; XB scales –Extreme power challenge in data motion; Emerging Programming Models –Resiliency Mobile Personal Computing –Multi-core and random intensive applications do not favor a simple DRAM- flash hierarchy Application-Specific Computing –Persistent RAM; Associativity

Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 3 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 Memory Hierarchy SRAM DRAM Disk SSD CPU Cache Refill Streaming Data STTRAM CPU NVRAM(s) DRAM Disk Storage Class Memory

Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 4 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 Memory Hierarchy Issues: Multi-thread support Cost/bit Power vs. Persistence vs. Endurance –Mix and match Access Patterns (standards) Indexing support STTRAM CPU NVRAM(s) DRAM Disk

Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 5 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 Unconventional Logic Architectures Research Direction ApproachStatus Nano-FPGAImplement LUTs and/or Switchboxes using nano devices (ReRAM, NEMS) 2-3x improvement in performance/power predicted by models; 3-5x in 3D implementation. Nano-crossbarBuild very dense nano PLAs using non-volatile nano memory devices Would benefit from a scalable two-terminal device. Reconfigurable Computing Implement large LUTs in NV memory and switch between them Modeled using STTRAM. Predict 45% improvement in Energy Delay Product Table 2. Current Research Directions for Employing emerging research memory devices to enhance logic.

Work in Progress --- Not for Publication 6 Beyond CMOS – April 12, 2010 Morphic Architectures Leveraging ERD for: Neuromorphic Architectures –Synaptic; Inference; Neural Network, etc. –Stochastic architectures (noise assisted) Cellular Automata Architectures –E.g. Image processing (Japan ERD – T. Asai leading)