Using Natural Resources Preview Understanding Concepts Reading Skills Interpreting Graphics

Understanding Concepts 1. In a particular ecosystem, hawks prey on bats, which prey on mosquitoes. Suppose the area is sprayed with a pesticide that kills most of the mosquito population. What are the effects on the other two populations likely to be? A. The populations of bats and hawks will both increase. B. The population of bats will increase and the population of hawks will decrease. C. The population of bats will decrease and the population of hawks will increase. D. The populations of bats and hawks will both decrease.

Understanding Concepts 1. In a particular ecosystem, hawks prey on bats, which prey on mosquitoes. Suppose the area is sprayed with a pesticide that kills most of the mosquito population. What are the effects on the other two populations likely to be? A. The populations of bats and hawks will both increase. B. The population of bats will increase and the population of hawks will decrease. C. The population of bats will decrease and the population of hawks will increase. D. The populations of bats and hawks will both decrease.

Understanding Concepts, continued 2. What source of energy is likely to run out first, assuming use continues at its current rates and no new supplies are discovered? F. coal G. natural gas H. solar power I. nuclear power

Understanding Concepts, continued 2. What source of energy is likely to run out first, assuming use continues at its current rates and no new supplies are discovered? F. coal G. natural gas H. solar power I. nuclear power

Understanding Concepts, continued 3. What type of energy source originates in dead plant and animal matter which has not been able to decompose in air? A. fossil fuels B. nuclear energy C. geothermal energy D. hydroelectric power

Understanding Concepts, continued 3. What type of energy source originates in dead plant and animal matter which has not been able to decompose in air? A. fossil fuels B. nuclear energy C. geothermal energy D. hydroelectric power

Understanding Concepts, continued 4. Name three likely sources of pollution arising from a process whose endpoint is a customer in a store buying vegetables that were grown in another state.

Understanding Concepts, continued 4. Name three likely sources of pollution arising from a process whose endpoint is a customer in a store buying vegetables that were grown in another state. Answer: agricultural runoff, fuel for transportation of vegetables and consumer, power to run the store

Understanding Concepts, continued 5. How do agricultural pollution and hot-water discharge from power plants combine to create eutrophication? What are the consequences of eutrophication?

Understanding Concepts, continued 5. How do agricultural pollution and hot-water discharge from power plants combine to create eutrophication? What are the consequences of eutrophication? Answer: Nitrates from agricultural runoff feed algae and bacteria, and the warmth of hot water discharge makes them multiply faster, so they use up the oxygen in the water, killing off fish and other aquatic wildlife.

NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE Reading Skills NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was created in the United States in 1942, by a team of scientists led by Enrico Fermi. It was not until 1951 that electricity was first generated by a nuclear reactor, in Arco, Idaho. That first nuclear power station had a power output of only 100 kilowatts. In 1960, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became the first nuclear-powered city. The total power output from nuclear power, across the world, was just under 1 gigawatt in 1960; it had risen to 300 gigawatts by the late 1980s. The growth of nuclear energy slowed at that point, after two major accidents at nuclear power plants resulted in a public backlash against nuclear power. Today there is an estimated world power output from nuclear energy of 350 gigawatts.

Reading Skills, continued NUCLEAR ENERGY: RISK AND PROMISE, continued Nuclear power accounts for approximately 18% of electricity generated worldwide, though it varies greatly from country to country; the United States generates approximately 20% of its electricity from nuclear power, whereas France generates 78% of its electricity from nuclear power. 6. Approximately what is the total world electricity output? F. 19 gigawatts H. 350 gigawatts G. 63 gigawatts I. 1,900 gigawatts

Reading Skills, continued 6. Approximately what is the total world electricity output? F. 19 gigawatts H. 350 gigawatts G. 63 gigawatts I. 1,900 gigawatts

Reading Skills, continued 7. How long was it between the first man-made nuclear chain reaction and the first use of a chain reaction to produce electricity? A. 9 years B. 12 years C. 18 years D. 20 years

Reading Skills, continued 7. How long was it between the first man-made nuclear chain reaction and the first use of a chain reaction to produce electricity? A. 9 years B. 12 years C. 18 years D. 20 years

Reading Skills, continued 8. Is it likely that nuclear reactors will be generating more power in 50 years than they do now? Why?

Reading Skills, continued 8. Is it likely that nuclear reactors will be generating more power in 50 years than they do now? Why? Answer: Yes; the amount of nuclear power produced has been increasing ever since it started, and fossil fuels are running out.

Interpreting Graphics The graph below shows how much solid waste was produced by a city in the year 2000. Use this graph to answer question 9.

Interpreting Graphics, continued 9. If the municipal solid waste amounted to 1.9 × 109 kg, how much total waste did the city produce? F. 2.6 × 109 kg G. 4.1 × 109 kg H. 2.7 × 1010 kg I. 7.3 × 1010 kg

Interpreting Graphics, continued 9. If the municipal solid waste amounted to 1.9 × 109 kg, how much total waste did the city produce? F. 2.6 × 109 kg G. 4.1 × 109 kg H. 2.7 × 1010 kg I. 7.3 × 1010 kg

Interpreting Graphics, continued The diagram below shows the use of hydroelectric power for every state in the United States. Use this diagram to answer question 10.

Interpreting Graphics, continued 10. How many states use 10,000 million gallons of water per day or less? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

Interpreting Graphics, continued 10. How many states use 10,000 million gallons of water per day or less? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20