P-1 Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down

P-2 Most Dangerous Reactors: A Compendium of Reactor Risk Assessments Units 1 & 2 “Reactors remain unstable and difficult to control and rely heavily on operator intervention to keep things from going out of kilter.” Ignalina Units 1& 2... Nuclear Plant Scenario Background

P-3 Ignalina Plant 2 RBMK Reactors Output of each: 4,800 thermal megawatts 1,500 electrical megawatts Produce 60-80% of Lithuania’s electricity

P-4 30km 54,000 Inhabitants 28,000 Animals Lithuanian Population within 30 km

P-5 Daugavpil, Latvia is 20 km from plant (Population = 130,000) 20km

P-6 Emergency Levels Local emergency - within structures Plant emergency - within the sanitary zone General emergency - beyond the sanitary zone

P-7 International Nuclear Event Scale Level 1- Anomaly... variation from permitted procedures Level 2 - Incident Level 3- Serious Incident... very small release of radioactivity Level 4 - Accident Without Significant Off-Site Risks Level 6 - Serious Accident... significant release of radioactivity; full implementation of local countermeasures Level 5 - Accident with Off-Site Risks... limited release of radioactivity; local countermeasures Level 7 - Major Accident... major release of radioactivity; widespread health and environmental effects

P-8 International Nuclear Event Scale Level 1- Anomaly Level 2- Incident Level 3- Serious Incident Level 4 - Accident Without Significant Off-Site Risks Level 6 - Serious Accident Level 5 - Accident with Off-Site Risks Level 7 - Major Accident Chernobyl Three-Mile Island

P-9 Chernobyl Timeline Start of Safety Test 1986 April 25 Explosion Fire Fighters Arrive April April 28 Fallout Reaches Belarus & Baltics 0130 Fallout Reaches Sweden & Poland May 2 Fallout Reaches UK Reactor Entombment

P-10 Global Coverage Normandy journalists Grenada journalists DESERT STORM journalists Hurricane Andrew (Florida) journalists 31 Satellite Transmission Trucks

P-11 The higher the proportion of victims. The more socially random the impact. The more sudden the change for the worse. The greater the sufferers are an identification group. The more the victims are blameless. Likelihood of Outside Support The greater the communications about losses suffered by victims, the more identification. Adopted from: Allen H. Barton, Social Organization Under Stress

P-12 Public Affairs Lessons from Three Mile Island Incident Before you start something, you should have a goal. Isolate your decision makers from the media. Guard against influence from agencies not part of your plan. Do not overreact to the situation. Tell the truth. Avoid trivia and trivial problems. Maintain maneuvering room.

P-13 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Conventions Notify those states that are or may be affected...nature, time, and location. Provide information to minimize radiological consequences. Notification Assistance Overall direction, control, coordination, and supervision shall be the requesting state.

P-14 Notification Channels Civil Security Department Civil Security Department Power plant World Meteorological Organization World Meteorological Organization World Health Organization World Health Organization Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization UN Environment Program UN Environment Program UN High Commission for Refugees (above 250,000) UN High Commission for Refugees (above 250,000) Non-Governmental Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations International Atomic Energy Agency International Atomic Energy Agency Member/Affected States Member/Affected States

P-15 Initial assessment is a normal functioning of plant’s emergency systems. The cause of trip under investigation Local - Lithuanian officials notify Latvia that Ignalina has been shut down by automatic reactor safety systems (reactor trip) Latvian reports of a widespread electrical blackout (within Latvia) triggered by the unexpected shutdown of Ignalina. Event May 5

P-16 Nuclear Plant Scenario Nuclear Plant Scenario Workshop 1 Evaluate situation Identify information and resource requirements and potential sources Prepare recommendations for government action, to include a public relations plan

P-17 Event Update May Local - Automatic reactor trip Blackout in Latvia Lithuania reports contact with Ignalina lost, radiation monitors between Ignalina and Daugavpil indicate higher than normal readings, and a general emergency is declared At least a class 5 event

P-18 Nuclear Plant Scenario Nuclear Plant Scenario Workshop 2 Evaluate situation Identify information and resource requirements and potential sources Prepare recommendations for government action, to include a public relations plan Identify changes from Workshop 1 and discuss reasons for changes

P-19 Nuclear Plant Scenario Scenario-a series of events at the Ignalina nuclear power plant in neighboring Lithuania that affect Latvia Objectives To understand events, and actions in response to those events, in the context of a free (and global) press To reinforce major teaching points for crisis management (recognition of crisis, information requirements, resources, need for common understanding, legal authority)