The Circulatory System The Circulatory System Refresh your memory….

The 3 main parts of The Circulatory System The Heart The Heart The Blood Vessels The Blood Vessels Blood Blood

Main functions of the circulatory system…. Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other needed substances to the body’s cells Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other needed substances to the body’s cells Transports carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells Transports carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells Fights infection Fights infection Regulates body temperature Regulates body temperature

Parts of The Heart The Atria (Atrium) The Atria (Atrium) -2 upper chambers -2 upper chambers The Ventricles The Ventricles -2 lower chambers -2 lower chambers The Valves The Valves -Prevent backflow -Prevent backflow The Septum The Septum -Divides the heart into right and left -Divides the heart into right and left The heart is a muscular, double pump

Blood Flow Body  Right Atrium  Right Ventricle  Lungs  Left Atrium  Left Ventricle  Body Remember, the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood, and the left side pumps out oxygenated blood to the body.

Types of Blood Vessels Arteries (AWAY) Arteries (AWAY) -Carry blood away from the heart -Carry blood away from the heart -The Aorta is the largest artery -The Aorta is the largest artery Veins (TOWARDS) Veins (TOWARDS) -Carry blood towards the heart -Carry blood towards the heart -Veins contain valves -Veins contain valves -The Vena Cava is the largest vein -The Vena Cava is the largest vein Capillaries Capillaries -Tiny blood vessels where gases and nutrients are exchanged -Tiny blood vessels where gases and nutrients are exchanged

= a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called plasma. Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called plasma. Pumped by your heart, and makes up about 7% of your body mass Pumped by your heart, and makes up about 7% of your body mass Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels

The Functions of Blood To Deliver: Oxygen Nutrients Hormones and Enzymes Water Minerals To Pick Up: Waste Carbon Dioxide Heat …AND TO FIGHT INFECTION!

The Composition of Blood The Plasma (Fluid) makes up 55% of the blood volume. The Plasma (Fluid) makes up 55% of the blood volume. The Solids (Cells) make up 45% of the blood volume. The Solids (Cells) make up 45% of the blood volume.

55% plasma 45 % RBC, WBC and platelets

The Parts of Blood 1. Plasma = liquid part of the blood; carries everything 2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) Gas exchange 3. White blood Cells =(WBC) Fight infection 4. Platelets = Clotting (scabbing)

Plasma- nonliving Plasma- nonliving Yellow liquid (92% water) Yellow liquid (92% water) 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones Produced in the liver Produced in the liver Carries: Carries: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste

Red Blood Cells (RBC)- living Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body 5,000,000 in 1 drop of blood 5,000,000 in 1 drop of blood Shape = Concave (donut) Shape = Concave (donut) Made in bone marrow Made in bone marrow Live approximately days Live approximately days Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment  Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells  Gives red blood cells their red color

Protect the body against infection and diseases Largest blood cell, made in bone marrow Shape= Spherical (circular) 8,000 per drop of blood Two types: Neutrophils: engulf and destroy bacteria at the site of infection Natural Killer Cells: are associated with the immune response. Produce specific chemicals called antibodies which attack foreign molecules known as pathogens White Blood Cells (WBC)- living

scienceu.fsu.edu illus/167i2.htm

Platelets- living Smallest blood cells (fragments) Smallest blood cells (fragments) 150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood 150,000 to 300,000 per drop of blood Involved in blood clotting Involved in blood clotting Clotting-a solidification of blood where a blood vessel has been damaged Clotting-a solidification of blood where a blood vessel has been damaged

Clotting: Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.

user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

Diseases of the Circulatory System Myocardial Infarction- heart attack Myocardial Infarction- heart attack Hypertension- high blood pressure Hypertension- high blood pressure Hypotension- low blood pressure Hypotension- low blood pressure Stroke- clot in the brain Stroke- clot in the brain Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart beat Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart beat Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count

Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake 2. stress 3. cigarettes (nicotine) 4. saturated fats 5. alcohol & caffeine 6. obesity 7. heredity & aging No cure--may be treated by medication & diet. "Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it High Blood Pressure

How do we keep our heart healthy? Cardiovascular Exercise! (running, walking, playing sports, biking, hiking, swimming, etc) Cardiovascular Exercise! (running, walking, playing sports, biking, hiking, swimming, etc) Eat less fried foods and fatty meats Eat less fried foods and fatty meats (ex. bacon, hamburgers) Eat less junk food, drink less soda Eat less junk food, drink less soda Eat more vegetables and fruits! Eat more vegetables and fruits! Do not smoke. Smoking increases risks of heart disease. Do not smoke. Smoking increases risks of heart disease.