Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE and FORM: Cubism Futurism Art Deco to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine age to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms

Pablo Picasso 1888-1973 Considered most influential artist of 20th Century Blue Period Rose Period Analytical Cubism Synthetic Cubism

Girl Wearing Large Hat Early Work, 1901. Lola, the artist’s sister Early Work, 1901.

Blue Period (1901-1904) Moves to Paris in his late teens Coping with suicide of friend Paintings were lonely, depressing Major color was BLUE!

Pablo Picasso, Blue Nude, 1902. BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso, Self Portrait, 1901. BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso, Tragedy, 1903. BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso, Le Gourmet, 1901. BLUE PERIOD

Rose Period (1904-1906) Much happier art than before Circus people as subjects Reds and warmer colors Pablo Picasso, Harlequin Family, 1905. ROSE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905.

Pablo Picasso, Girl With a Goat, 1906. ROSE PERIOD

Much more abstract than before… Pablo Picasso, Composition with Skull, 1908.

Georges Braque, Musical Instruments, 1908.

Georges Braque, Fruitdish, 1908-09.

Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921.

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907. “I paint forms as I think them, not as I see them”

Paul Cezanne (Post-Impressionist) Major Influences… Femme de Vert 1909 Paul Cezanne (Post-Impressionist)

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Major Influences… Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. African Zimba Mask

Major Influences… African Zimba Mask

Guernica: Basque capital

April 26, 1937: 1, 654 dead, 889 injured

Analytical Cubism Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Vollard, 1910. Little contrast in color Complex and systematic design Faceted shapes, translucent divisions of space Differing views of the same subject in the same work Invented by Picasso and George Braque- at the same time, but not really in collaboration Retains some sort of depth Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Vollard, 1910. ANALYTICAL CUBISM

Pablo Picasso, Aficionado, 1912. ANALYTICAL CUBISM

Pablo Picasso, Glass and Bottle of Suze, 1912. SYNTHETIC CUBISM

Synthetic Cubism George Braque, Gillet, 1914. Invented by Braque and Picasso Puts forms back together after breaking them apart “Collage” comes from French word for “glue” Foreign materials are pasted onto the design- makes the collage look like a real surface Scraps are changed and painted on, giving them a double meaning George Braque, Gillet, 1914. New Space Concept - first since Masaccio

Futurism Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913. First announced on Feb. 20, 1909 Newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian poet and editor Tommaso Marinetti: We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshiping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal. To purposely intended to inspire public anger and amazement, to arouse controversy, and to attract widespread attention. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913.

Boccioni, Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1913.

Art Deco William Van Alen, The Chrysler Building, 1930. Art Deco was a popular design movement from 1920 until 1939, affecting the decorative arts such as architecture, interior design, and industrial design. This movement was a combination of many different styles and movements of the early 20th century, including Constructionism, Cubism, Modernism, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, and Futurism. Its popularity apexed during the 1920s. Although many design movements have political or philosophical roots or intentions, Art Deco was purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and ultra modern. William Van Alen, The Chrysler Building, 1930.

DADA Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Nihilism Began independently in Zurich and NY French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning Believed that reason and logic had been responsible for war Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition- Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- releassed him from the role of artist For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud Jean Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17.

“We had lost confidence in our culture “We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished… At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.” Hannah Hoch, The Pretty Maiden, 1920. DADA

Jean Arp Mountain, Table, Anchors, Navel. 1925. DADA

Marcel Duchamp Duchamp was the central figure in NY Dada scene Exhibited his first “ready- made” sculptures - mass produced common products “selected” by the artist Free from the opinions of the population- neither good or bad taste Forces viewers to see the “artness” of objects Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1913.

Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) 1915-23. DADA

"I am still a victim of chess "I am still a victim of chess. It has all the beauty of art -- and much more. It cannot be commercialized. Chess is much purer than art in its social position.“ Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp Bicycle Wheel, 1913. DADA

Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912.

In 1919, Duchamp drew a moustache and goatee, graffiti-style, on a postcard of the Mona Lisa and added the caption L.H.O.O.Q. – which, as any French schoolboy could tell you, sounds like elle a chaud au cul (“She’s hot in the ass”). It quickly became an icon of the international Dada movement. Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.