A TOUR OF LEARNING TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS Robby Robson, Chair, IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee The slides in this work are each separately licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NoDerivs 2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution- NoDerivs 2.5 License

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards2 Outline 1. Standards in general 2. Learning technology standards 3. Some technical details 4. What’s next 5. Open discussion

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards3 No results found

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards4 Standards Can … 1. Specify the form and function of technology 2. Determine how information is exchanged 3. Require procedures to be followed 4. Define acceptable outcomes

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards5 Standards Can… 1. Specify the form and function of technology 2. Determine how information is exchanged 3. Require procedures to be followed 4. Define acceptable outcomes Learning technology standards define technological infrastructure

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards6 Effective Standards Operate Invisibly

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards7 This …. Screenshot from Dreamweaver™ 8 Design View

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards8 And not necessarily this …. Screenshot from Dreamweaver™ 8 Code View

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards9 We converse today about the details so that we may not converse about them tomorrow and the day after.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards10 Why Bother With Standards? INNOVATION Standards define and catalyze new technology Standards define and catalyze new technology Standards enable new solutions Standards enable new solutions Standards solve existing problems Standards solve existing problems

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards11 Why Bother With Standards? HELP THE CONSUMER Standards prevent lock-in Standards prevent lock-in Standards accelerate commoditization Standards accelerate commoditization Standards increase reliability Standards increase reliability Standards enable competition Standards enable competition

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards12 Why Bother With Standards? BUILD MARKETS Standards can lower design, development and production costs Standards can lower design, development and production costs Standards help modularize supply chains Standards help modularize supply chains Standards build consumer confidence Standards build consumer confidence Standardization distributes effort Standardization distributes effort

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards13 When Does Standardization Occur? INOVATION HELP THE CONSUMER BUILD MARKETS Market moves from underserved to overserved* * Clayton M Christensen & Michael E Raynor, (2003). The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, Mass. Need arises in an influential community

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards14 “Education” is an influential community (But not the only one)

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards15 What is the state of Learning Technology Standards? INOVATION HELP THE CONSUMER BUILD MARKETS MOSTLY HERESOME HERESTARTING HERE

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards16 We will now talk about standards organizations and standards

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards17 But must remember …

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards18 Nothing is a standard until it is acknowledged and adopted by the community it serves.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards19 History of Relevant Standards Organizations DLF (1995) SIF ARIADNE AICC (1988) ADL IMS IEEE LTSC JTC1 SC36 EdNA (1994) ALIC OKI OASIS CEN/ISSS WS-LT W3C (1994) ebXML EICA CanCore Dublin Core (1995) SISO (1994) MERLOT HR-XML CONSOR- TIUM But few new ones since 2001 AEN

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards20 Learning technology standardization efforts have been Driven by Driven by Young companies* Young companies* A few key consumer groups A few key consumer groups Focused on Focused on Search & Discovery Search & Discovery Learning Content Learning Content Learning Delivery Systems (e.g. LMS) Learning Delivery Systems (e.g. LMS) Specialized to Learning Specialized to Learning Relatively little adoption of other standards Relatively little adoption of other standards *including new divisions within large software vendors

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards21 Leading to a diverse portfolio of organizations and standards …

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards22 The Players ADL(Advanced Distributed Learning initiative) ADL(Advanced Distributed Learning initiative) AICC (Aviation Industry CBT Committee) AICC (Aviation Industry CBT Committee) CEN (CEN / ISSS Technical Committee on Learning Technology) CEN (CEN / ISSS Technical Committee on Learning Technology) HR-XML (The HR-XML Consortium) HR-XML (The HR-XML Consortium) IMS (IMS Global Learning Consortium – a consortium representing Higher Education) IMS (IMS Global Learning Consortium – a consortium representing Higher Education) LTSC (IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee – an accredited standards body) LTSC (IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee – an accredited standards body) SC36 (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 – Standards for Learning, Education and Training) SC36 (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 – Standards for Learning, Education and Training) WSIL (Web Services in Learning, a vendor effort) WSIL (Web Services in Learning, a vendor effort)

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards23 Metadata Metadata Search & Discovery Search & Discovery SCORM (and AICC equivalents) SCORM (and AICC equivalents) Content / LMS interoperability Content / LMS interoperability Made up from IMS & IEEE standards Made up from IMS & IEEE standards Question & Test Interoperability Question & Test Interoperability XML representation of Quizzes and test banks XML representation of Quizzes and test banks Mature Standards with wide Adoption

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards24 Standards & Specifications with Less Adoption* IMS Enterprise IMS Enterprise Interface between an LMS and SIS Interface between an LMS and SIS OKI Service Interface Definitions OKI Service Interface Definitions Used in Higher Education Used in Higher Education Learning Technology Systems Architecture Learning Technology Systems Architecture IEEE standard used by some U.S. Defense contractors IEEE standard used by some U.S. Defense contractors Learner Information Package Learner Information Package Education & Training Records Education & Training Records IMS e-portfolio IMS e-portfolio IMS Learning Design IMS Learning Design High level instructional design IEEE Digital Rights Expression Languages IEEE Digital Rights Expression Languages Recommended practice for education and training IMS Repository IMS Repository Really more of an architecture reference model IMS Sharable State Persistence IMS Sharable State Persistence Integration of LMS / SIM * Based on observation, not hard data

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards25 New Consumer-driven Efforts Frameworks Frameworks Not “standards” but frames for conversations about standards Not “standards” but frames for conversations about standards Quality Standards Quality Standards Address the development of digital learning content Address the development of digital learning content CORDRA CORDRA Content Object Repository Discovery Resolution Architecture Content Object Repository Discovery Resolution Architecture Just an architecture and recommended practice Just an architecture and recommended practice SCORM / SIM Interoperability SCORM / SIM Interoperability Driven by military simulation community Driven by military simulation community

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards26 New Provider-driven Efforts Competencies Competencies Defining and modeling learning objectives, skills, knowledge, ability, tasks Defining and modeling learning objectives, skills, knowledge, ability, tasks Web Services in Learning Web Services in Learning Handling LMS / Content Server architecture Handling LMS / Content Server architecture Handling “catalog update” Handling “catalog update” IMS Common Cartridge IMS Common Cartridge Exchange of courses for academic LMS Exchange of courses for academic LMS

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards27 And Some Other Work Search / Query / Harvesting standards Search / Query / Harvesting standards Several of these, many from other communities Several of these, many from other communities Efforts updating standards by updating view points Efforts updating standards by updating view points Research Aggregation Model (ontology) Research Aggregation Model (ontology) Content packaging  UML version / some updates Content packaging  UML version / some updates LOM / Dublin Core Abstract Model LOM / Dublin Core Abstract Model

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards28 Do I need to pay attention to all that? (Probably Not)

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards29 What does a Consumer need to know? What problems are being addressed ? What problems are being addressed ? What problems have been solved? What problems have been solved? How to ask the right questions How to ask the right questions Hint: “Do you conform to X?” is not the right question Hint: “Do you conform to X?” is not the right question

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards30 Problems Being Addressed Separating content from delivery systems Separating content from delivery systems Making it easier (or possible) to find the right stuff Making it easier (or possible) to find the right stuff PREVENTING LOCK-IN PREVENTING LOCK-IN Getting learning systems to talk to other systems Getting learning systems to talk to other systems

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards31 Problems Being Solved Separating content from delivery systems Separating content from delivery systems This is what IMS Content Packaging, SCORM, IMS Question & Test, and AICC standards do. This is what IMS Content Packaging, SCORM, IMS Question & Test, and AICC standards do. So far this works well but not perfectly. So far this works well but not perfectly. Applies only to Web-based content and assessments Applies only to Web-based content and assessments Content still needs to be tweaked for specific systems Content still needs to be tweaked for specific systems Making it easier to find the right stuff Making it easier to find the right stuff This is what metadata does This is what metadata does The biggest problem is the lack of (good) metadata The biggest problem is the lack of (good) metadata PREVENTING LOCK-IN (MORE AND MORE) PREVENTING LOCK-IN (MORE AND MORE) Getting learning systems to talk to other systems – not really, not yet. Getting learning systems to talk to other systems – not really, not yet.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards32 How to get an honest and useful answer 1. Don’t ask about standards, ask about solutions: After I have developed 100 one-hour courses in your system, what will be the cost to migrate them to a different system? What have you done to make this easy for me? After I have developed 100 one-hour courses in your system, what will be the cost to migrate them to a different system? What have you done to make this easy for me? 2. Don’t ask about conformance – ask for details What is the minimum set of tags associated with a title in your catalog? Provide a screenshot of your search screen that shows which tags are searchable. Show / explain how authors generate tags in your tools. What is the minimum set of tags associated with a title in your catalog? Provide a screenshot of your search screen that shows which tags are searchable. Show / explain how authors generate tags in your tools.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards33 What does a Content Developer need to know? How content interoperability standards such as SCORM (and its components) work and what they do How content interoperability standards such as SCORM (and its components) work and what they do Which standards are used by authoring tools and supported by delivery systems Which standards are used by authoring tools and supported by delivery systems

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards34 What does a Technology Developer need to know? Where standards are along the adoption and implementation curve Where standards are along the adoption and implementation curve Details and best practices for standards relevant to the technology being developed and that are Details and best practices for standards relevant to the technology being developed and that are Being used in the market Being used in the market - or- Provide solutions to specific problems (e.g. integrating with a SIS) Provide solutions to specific problems (e.g. integrating with a SIS) - or- Confer a competitive advantage Confer a competitive advantage

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards35 Example 1 Publishing content as a business … Accepted standards: Accepted standards: Metadata, DOI, SCORM / AICC, OAI-PMH, SRU/SRW, SQI Metadata, DOI, SCORM / AICC, OAI-PMH, SRU/SRW, SQI Emerging standards: Emerging standards: CORDRA CORDRA Possible relevant standards: Possible relevant standards: Query standards, Digital Rights Expression Language, Quality standards Query standards, Digital Rights Expression Language, Quality standards Standards that address the functionality of content, e.g. Sharable State Persistence if the content interacts with simulations or games or Learning Design Standards that address the functionality of content, e.g. Sharable State Persistence if the content interacts with simulations or games or Learning Design Specifications to watch Specifications to watch IMS Common Cartridge (academic), Web Services in Learning IMS Common Cartridge (academic), Web Services in Learning

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards36 Example 2 Building a serious simulation / game … Accepted standards: Accepted standards: Metadata, High Level Architecture, OpenGL (and Simple DirectMedia Layer) Metadata, High Level Architecture, OpenGL (and Simple DirectMedia Layer) Emerging standards: Emerging standards: Not sure Not sure Possible relevant learning technology standards: Possible relevant learning technology standards: SCORM, Sharable State Persistence, e-portfolio SCORM, Sharable State Persistence, e-portfolio Specifications to watch Specifications to watch SIM/SCORM Study Group SIM/SCORM Study Group

Details on SCORM WHAT IT DOES HOW IT WORKS THESE SLIDES HAVE BEEN REPURPOSED FROM A SCORM TUTORIAL GIVEN IN APRIL, 2006.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards38 Some slides in this presentation were produced by and used with permission of the Advanced Distributed Learning initiative ( Others were reused / repurposed from previous workshops and presentations

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards39 WHAT IS SCORM? A REFERENCE MODEL: A set of profiles of standards and specifications that tells you how to do something useful A REFERENCE MODEL: A set of profiles of standards and specifications that tells you how to do something useful A SOLUTION: Solves the problem of separating Web- based training content from delivery systems A SOLUTION: Solves the problem of separating Web- based training content from delivery systems A STANDARD: A STANDARD: Adopted by most commercial LMS products Adopted by most commercial LMS products Required by government directives (U.S., Korea …) Required by government directives (U.S., Korea …) SCORM 2004, 3 rd Edition, is on track to being standardized as an ISO technical report SCORM 2004, 3 rd Edition, is on track to being standardized as an ISO technical report SCORM means SCORM 2004 in this presentation SCORM means SCORM 2004 in this presentation

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards40 SCORM 1.2 / AICC ADOPTION COMPILED IN 2004 Sources: Various Brandon-Hall Reports (Excepting Last Column) Sources: Various Brandon-Hall Reports (Excepting Last Column) 1997/8 LMS 2000 LMS 2001 LCMS 2003 LMS 2003 LCMS 2004 Authoring Tools Current Course Management Systems Number of Systems AICC Support 41%52%83% 87%65%26% Certified**7% 13%9%* Compliant**76% 74%56%* Support Planned *23%* 4%0%* No AICC Exists / Planned 59%25%17% 9%35%74% SCORM Support *17%83% 87%72%43% 1.2 *** 83%63%39% Other*** 4%9%4% Support Planned *2%7% 13%5%* No SCORM Exists / Planned 100%80%10% 0%23%52% IMS Metadata *34%* **43% IMS Metadata Planned *25%* *** IMS Content Packaging *** **61% IMS QTI *** **22% IMS (not specified) *** **9%

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards41 ADL Timeline Nov. 97, White House Co-sponsors ADL Kick-off Meeting Jan. 98, Executive Memo citing ADL as a model for federal agencies Jan. 99, Executive Order tasking DoD to lead collaborative standards development Apr. 99, Opened the ADL Co-Lab in Alexandria, VA Jan. 00, SCORM 1.0 released May 00, Implementation Plan submitted to Congress June 00, Plugfest 1 Feb. 04, International Plugfest, Zurich Jan. 04, SCORM 2004 released Dec. 04, SCORM nd Edition Feb. 05, Plugfest 9 Jun 01, Executive Order st Century Workforce Initiative

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards42 A SCORM IS BREWING DIRECTIVE TO CREATE SCORM (13111) 2000 SCORM Course Structure Format (XML Version of AICC Course Structure Files) - Runtime API – developed jointly among AICC, IEEE, and ADL - Metadata based on IMS Version 1.0 SCORM “C” is for “Content” - Metadata Harmonized - Bugs Fixed - CMI Data Model Pared back (removed pre- requisites and completion requirements) SCORM Added Content Packaging - Deprecated Course Structure Format - Created Test Suites - Bugs Fixed SCORM Simple Sequencing - Metadata Harmonized - Bugs Fixed - Conformance program getting started SCORM SCORM ND Edition SCORM rd Edition

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards43 SCORM ASSUMES … A particular content lifecycle (next slide) A particular content lifecycle (next slide) Web-based content Web-based content A single learner A single learner A small set of pedagogically relevant data: A small set of pedagogically relevant data: Time spent with content Time spent with content Scores on tests Scores on tests Status of objectives Status of objectives

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards44 SCORM CONTENT LIFECYCLE Existing Content Learning Content Authoring Tools Learning Content Authoring Tools Chunk Create Repurpose Assemble & Sequence Learnin g Catalog Learnin g Catalog LMS Import Find Track Deliver Repository

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards45 A SET OF BOOKS

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards46 THE SCORM BOOKS Content Aggregation Model 1. Learning Object Metadata (IEEE ) 2. Content Packaging (IMS Specification) Describe, export, transport and import Run-Time Environment 3. Application Programming Interface (IEEE ) 4. Data Model (IEEE ) Launch, track, communicate learner info Sequencing & Navigation 5. IMS Simple Sequencing Adaptive learning, instructional design

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards47 Organization 55 5 Content Package All the physical files needed for this package Metadata SCOs Manifest (XML document) Including the structure with sequencing behaviors/rules Content Package CD-ROM <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF -8" standalone="no"?> ADL SCORM 1.2 <lom xmlns=” <manifest identifier=”IRS_IFS_COURSE”> <organizations default=”xp_man0_toc1"> 8 Package Interchange Format SCORM Content Aggregation Model

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards48 SCORM Runtime Environment Learning Management System (LMS) LMS Server Web Browser SCO Asset ECMAScript API Instance Server Side Client Side Launch API: Data Model: Data retrieved from and stored in the LMS from the SCO Data Model: Actual data sent back and forth between a SCO and LMS Communication with backend server is not specified in SCORM. Asset Communications Link between a SCO and LMS

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards49 Module 2 Module 1 Course Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Glossary Part A Part B Assessment  Activities are aggregated and organized into a tree.  A default traversal path can be modified by a learning designer.  Traversal is triggered by a sequencing request.  Request is triggered either by the learner through navigation events or by the delivery system.  Sequencing rules are evaluated at runtime and can be conditional.  Activities are delivered one at a time.  Actual content resides in leaves of the tree Sequencing & Navigation

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards50 Module 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Assessment Test Item 1 Test Item 2 Remediation Using Objectives Rule: Set Satisfaction Status for Obj_1 Rule: Skip Lesson 1 if Obj_1 is Satisfied Rule: Skip Lesson 2 if Obj_2 is Satisfied Rule: Set Satisfaction Status for Obj_2 Objectives Obj_1 Obj_2 Rule: Exit if Obj_1 AND Obj_2 are Satisfied. Else, Continue.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards51 Objectives Obj_1 Obj_2 Remediation Using Objectives Module 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Assessment Test Item 1 Test Item 2 Learner Passes Test Item 2 Learner experiences Lessons 1 and 2 then takes Assessment Learner Fails Test Item 1

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards52 Objectives Obj_1 Obj_2 Remediation Using Objectives Module 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Assessment Test Item 1 Test Item 2 Learner Failed Test Item 1 Learner Passed Test Item 2 Assessment sets Satisfaction Status for Obj_1 and Obj_2

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards53 Remediation Using Objectives Module 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Assessment Test Item 1 Test Item 2 Learner Failed Test Item 1 Learner Passed Test Item 2 Rule: Exit if Obj_1 AND Obj_2 are Satisfied. Else, Continue Rule: Skip Lesson 1 if Obj_1 is Satisfied Rule: Skip Lesson 2 if Obj_2 is Satisfied Objectives Obj_1 Obj_2

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards54 Example: Web-based Content Created in a SCORM Authoring Tool

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards55 Type of content package to export Export destination Content exported to a SCORM package

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards56 Exported Content as a SCORM Package

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards57 Sign on to LMS and Import Content

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards58 Launch Content : Student Name Comes from LMS

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards59 Status, Score, Accesses, Time – Sent to LMS

XML SCORM Studio Joint ADL Co-Lab 2006 Prototype Prototype available on Source Forge on Halloween, 2006 LIVE DEMO

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards61 WEB 2.0: IT’S NOT YOUR TEACHER’S WEB ANY MORE BUT, LIKE ALL STANDARDS, SCORM IS OLD SCHOOL

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards62 SO … WHAT’S NEXT?

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards63 TRENDS & ISSUES Underlying Topology Underlying Topology Client / Server replaced by a distributed model with multiple content servers Client / Server replaced by a distributed model with multiple content servers Underlying Philosophy Underlying Philosophy Provider broadcast replaced by user collage Provider broadcast replaced by user collage Mass production replaced by mass customization Mass production replaced by mass customization Learning Technology Learning Technology “Learning Management Systems” replaced by personalized learning environments “Learning Management Systems” replaced by personalized learning environments Passive learning replaced by interactive control Passive learning replaced by interactive control

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards64 In general … Learning is becoming more embedded Learning is becoming more embedded Learning technology is becoming less distinguishable from other technology Learning technology is becoming less distinguishable from other technology Learning technology standards are borrowing more from other domains Learning technology standards are borrowing more from other domains The problem is no longer managing learning: The problem is letting learning take place and managing everything around it. The problem is no longer managing learning: The problem is letting learning take place and managing everything around it.

This slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License. Some rights reserved.Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 License A Tour of Learning Technology Standards65 Buzzwords Watch List Personal learning environments (CETIS project) Personal learning environments (CETIS project) Web services Web services Web S ervices – based on a specific set of standards that solve enterprise scalability Web S ervices – based on a specific set of standards that solve enterprise scalability Web services – based on a different collection of standards that solve Web 2.0 scalability Web services – based on a different collection of standards that solve Web 2.0 scalability “Competencies” – the neglected building block of learning “Competencies” – the neglected building block of learning Repository standards, because we still need to get to “seek, and ye shall find.” Repository standards, because we still need to get to “seek, and ye shall find.”

QUESTIONS?