Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Fifth edition Seeley, Stephens and Tate Slide 2.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Skin and Body Membranes Slide 4.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Function of body membranes  Line or cover body surfaces  Protect body surfaces  Lubricate body surfaces

Classification of Body Membranes Slide 4.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Epithelial membranes  Cutaneous membrane  Mucous membrane  Serous membrane  Connective tissue membranes

Cutaneous Membrane Slide 4.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cutaneous membrane = skin  A dry membrane  Outermost protective boundary  Superficial epidermis  Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium  Underlying dermis  Mostly dense connective tissue Figure 4.1a

Mucous Membranes Slide 4.4 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Surface epithelium  Underlying loose C.T. (lamina propria)  Lines body cavities that open to the exterior  Function in absorption or secretion Figure 4.1b

Serous Membranes Slide 4.5 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Surface: simple squamous epithelium  Underlying loose C.T.  Lines body cavities that are closed  Serous layers separated by serous fluid Figure 4.1c

Serous Membranes Slide 4.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Specific serous membranes  Peritoneum  Abdominal cavity  Pleura  Around the lungs  Pericardium  Around the heart Figure 4.1d

Connective Tissue Membrane Slide 4.7 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Synovial membrane  Connective tissue only  Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints Figure 4.2

Integumentary System Slide 4.8 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Skin (cutaneous membrane)  Skin derivatives  Sweat glands  Oil glands  Hairs  Nails

Skin Functions Slide 4.9a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Protects deeper tissues from:  Mechanical damage  Chemical damage  Bacterial damage  Thermal damage  Ultraviolet radiation  Desiccation

Skin Functions Slide 4.9b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Aids in heat regulation  Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid  Synthesizes vitamin D

Skin Structure Slide 4.10a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Epidermis – outer layer  Stratified squamous epithelium  Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)  Dermis  Dense irregular connective tissue

Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4

Skin Structure Slide 4.10b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Deep to dermis is the hypodermis  Not “part” of the skin  Termed “subcutaneous tissue”  Anchors skin to underlying organs  Composed mostly of adipose tissue

Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4

Dermis Slide 4.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Two layers  Papillary layer  Projections called dermal papillae  Pain receptors  Capillary loops  Reticular layer  Blood vessels  Glands  Nerve receptors

Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4

Normal Skin Color Determinants Slide 4.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Melanin  Yellow, brown or black pigments  Produced by melanocytes  Carotene  Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables

Normal Skin Color Determinants Slide 4.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Hemoglobin  Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries  Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

Appendages of the Skin Slide 4.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Sebaceous glands  Produce oil  Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles  Glands are activated at puberty  Sweat glands  Widely distributed in skin

Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4

Sweat and Its Function Slide 4.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Composition  Mostly water  Some metabolic waste Function Helps dissipate excess heat Excretes waste products Low pH inhibits bacterial growth

Hair Structures Slide 4.20 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Hair follicle  Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root  Arrector pilli  Smooth muscle  Sebaceous gland  Sweat gland Figure 4.7a

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Infections  Athletes foot  Caused by fungal infection  Boils and carbuncles  Caused by bacterial infection  Cold sores  Caused by virus

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Infections and allergies  Contact dermatitis  Exposures cause allergic reaction  Impetigo  Caused by bacterial infection  Psoriasis  Cause is unknown  Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI Slide 4.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Burns  Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals  Associated dangers  Dehydration  Electrolyte imbalance  Circulatory shock

Severity of Burns: FYI Slide 4.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  First-degree burns  Only epidermis is damaged  Skin is red and swollen  Second degree burns  Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged  Skin is red with blisters  Third-degree burns  Destroys entire skin layer  Burn is gray-white or black

Skin Cancer: FYI Slide 4.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cancer – abnormal cell mass  Two types  Benign  Does not spread (encapsulated)  Malignant  Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer

Skin Cancer Types: FYI Slide 4.30 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Basal cell carcinoma  Least malignant  Most common type  Squamous cell carcinoma  Metastasizes to lymph nodes  Early removal allows a good chance of cure

Skin Cancer Types: FYI Slide 4.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Malignant melanoma  Most deadly of skin cancers  Cancer of melanocytes  Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels  Detection uses ABCD rule

ABCD Rule: FYI Slide 4.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  A = Asymmetry  Two sides of pigmented mole do not match  B = Border irregularity  Borders of mole are not smooth  C = Color  Different colors in pigmented area  D = Diameter  Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter