28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 QUIT 28 CHAPTER Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 Chapter Overview Time Line 1 China Responds to Pressure from the West SECTION 2 Japan Modernizes MAP SECTION SECTION 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH SECTION Visual Summary

28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 HOME 28 CHAPTER Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 Chapter Overview Countries in East Asia and Latin America respond to Western imperialism in different ways. China and Japan try to modernize. Latin America becomes dependent on exports and foreign investments. Mexico fights for independence and political stability.

28 Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 HOME Time Line 1800 CHAPTER Transformations Around the Globe, 1800–1914 Time Line 1839 China and Britain clash in Opium War. 1898 United States wins Spanish-American War. 1914 Panama Canal opens. 1800 1914 1823 Monroe Doctrine reflects special U.S. interest in Americas. 1853 Commodore Perry enters Tokyo harbor. 1910 Mexican Revolution begins.

China Responds to Pressure from the West Key Idea 1 HOME 1 China Responds to Pressure from the West Key Idea China clings to its ancient traditions and self-sufficiency, but eventually succumbs to both external pressure from Western powers and internal population and governmental pressures. Overview Assessment

China Responds to Pressure from the West Overview 1 • Opium War HOME 1 China Responds to Pressure from the West TERMS & NAMES Overview • Opium War • extraterritorial rights • Taiping Rebellion • sphere of influence • Open Door Policy • Boxer Rebellion   MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Western economic pressure forced China to open to foreign trade and influence. China has become an increasingly important member of the global community. Assessment

China Responds to Pressure from the West 1 1 HOME 1 China Responds to Pressure from the West Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events in China’s dealings with foreign nations between 1830 and 1900. Include both policies and actual confrontations in your discussion. 1830 1839 Opium War 1900 1842 Treaty of Nanjing 1850-1864 Taiping Rebellion 1899 Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion continued . . .

China Responds to Pressure from the West 1 1 HOME 1 China Responds to Pressure from the West Section 1 Assessment 2. Do you think the opium trade was finally more harmful or beneficial to China? Explain. THINK ABOUT • the effects of the Opium War • other Chinese responses to foreign influence • the aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion ANSWER Possible Responses: Harmful—It had a negative effect on the people’s health and triggered numerous wars and uprisings. Beneficial—It ultimately forced the Chinese government to face the discontent of the people and begin to reform. End of Section 1

Japan Modernizes Key Idea 2 HOME 2 Japan Modernizes MAP Key Idea Japan also faces pressures from Western nations, but, unlike China, it begins to modernize rapidly. It also emulates the Western imperialistic model and annexes Korea. Overview Assessment

Japan Modernizes Overview 2 • Treaty of Kanagawa • Meiji era HOME 2 Japan Modernizes MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Treaty of Kanagawa • Meiji era • Russo-Japanese War • annexation MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Japan followed the model of Western powers by industrializing and expanding its foreign influence. Japan’s continued development of its own way of life has made it a leading world power. Assessment

HOME 2 Japan Modernizes MAP Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the steps that Japan took toward modernization and the events that contributed to its growth as an imperialistic power. Modernization Imperialism Claimed feudal lands for government Abolished extraterritorial rights Forced Korean ports to open Studied Western ways Fought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars Industrialized Annexed Korea continued . . .

HOME 2 Japan Modernizes MAP Section 2 Assessment 2. In your view, was Japan’s aggressive imperialism justified? THINK ABOUT • reasons for Japan’s early isolation • what Japan could gain from imperialism • Japan’s treatment of conquered peoples ANSWER Possible Responses: Justified—Japan had to expand to compete in the global economy. Not justified—Japan didn’t have to rule Korea as harshly as it did. continued . . .

HOME 2 Japan Modernizes MAP Section 2 Assessment 3. What influences do you think were most important in provoking Japan to build its empire? THINK ABOUT • Japan’s size and geographical features • Japan’s relations with China and Russia • the interest of countries such as Britain and the United States in Japan ANSWER Possible Response: Because Japan is a small island, it was vulnerable to invaders. Having huge empire builders as neighbors forced Japan to expand in self-defense. The Japanese feared they might lose control of their country to the Western powers that traded at its ports. End of Section 2

U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America HOME 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America Key Idea With its colonial legacy and political instability, Latin America remains economically under-developed after independence. In the late 1800s, the United States begins to exert great economic and political influence in Latin America. Overview Assessment

U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America HOME 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America TERMS & NAMES Overview • caudillo • Monroe Doctrine • José Martí • Spanish-American War • Panama Canal • Roosevelt Corollary MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW The United States put increasing economic and political pressure on Latin America during the 19th century. This policy set the stage for 20th-century relations between Latin America and the United States. Assessment

U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America HOME 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events of U.S. involvement in Latin America. 1914 1904 1903 1898 1823 Monroe Doctrine Spanish-American War Panamanian Rebellion Roosevelt Corollary Panama Canal opened continued . . .

U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America HOME 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America Section 3 Assessment 2. Do you think that U.S. imperialism was more beneficial or harmful to Latin American people? Explain. THINK ABOUT • the benefits provided by U.S.-owned companies • the harmful effects of foreign economic and political influence ANSWER Possible Responses: Beneficial—The jobs and export income that U.S.-owned companies generated helped poor farmers and working people. Harmful—Foreign intervention prevented Latin American countries from becoming truly independent. End of Section 3

The Mexican Revolution Key Idea 4 HOME 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH Key Idea After territorial struggles with the United States, Mexico fights to achieve independence from France. It remains politically unstable, however, under the rule of military dictators. In the early 1900s, economic and political inequality incite the Mexican people to rebel. Overview Assessment

The Mexican Revolution Overview 4 • Antonio López de Santa Anna HOME 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH TERMS & NAMES Overview • Antonio López de Santa Anna • Benito Juárez • La Reforma • Porfirio Díaz • Francisco Madero • Francisco “Pancho” Villa • Emiliano Zapata MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Political, economic, and social inequalities in Mexico triggered a period of revolution and reform. Mexico has moved toward political democracy and is a strong economic force in the Americas. Assessment

The Mexican Revolution 4 4 HOME 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 1. List the major accomplishment of each Mexican leader discussed in this section. Leader Major Accomplishment Santa Anna Led Mexican forces in revolt against the U.S. Worked for reforms in education, land distribution, and separation of church and state Juárez Díaz Promoted growth and industrialization Madero Started the Mexican Revolution Villa and Zapata Fought for peasants’ rights Carranza Revised Mexican constitution Obregón Promoted education, land reform, and workers’ rights continued . . .

The Mexican Revolution 4 4 HOME 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 2. Why did Juárez have trouble putting his liberal program La Reforma into action? THINK ABOUT • the types of reforms Juárez wanted • how those reforms would affect Mexicans of the upper and lower classes • the political climate of the country ANSWER Possible Response: He faced powerful opposition from Santa Anna, who was against reform, and from the upper classes, who didn’t want to give up their land or power. continued . . .

The Mexican Revolution 4 4 HOME 4 The Mexican Revolution GRAPH Section 4 Assessment 3. Juárez’s motto for change in Mexico was “Liberty, Order, and Progress.” Díaz’s slogan was “Order and Progress.” What did this difference in goals mean for the country? THINK ABOUT • Juárez’s accomplishments • Díaz’s accomplishments • the value of order and progress without liberty ANSWER Possible Responses: • Loss of political freedom • Human rights abuses • Growing gap between rich and poor End of Section 4