2 nd Semester EOCA Review China, Greece, Rome

Ancient China Name two examples of religious practices 1. Reading oracle bones 2. Bronze ritual vessels

Chinese Writing Characters represent whole word Developed from pictographs Began from use of Oracle Bones

Qin Shi Huangdi Best known for: 1. building the Great Wall of China 2. tomb of terra cotta clay soldiers 3. believed in afterlife 4. standardization of weights and measurements.

Chinese Peasants Duties: 1. farming noble’s land 2. serving in the noble’s army 3. honoring the king

Geography of China Mountains and Rivers caused: 1. separation of different groups of people 2. different dialects of language spoken

Daoism Living in harmony with the guiding force Balance of opposites

Mandate of Heaven Heavens decide King’s rule over China Rulers must show virtues to be rulers

Confucianism Lead by example Respect the elderly Morals and Ethics

Legalism People were bad by nature and would be receive punishment or reward. Needed to be controlled

Silk Road 4,000 mile long road used to trade goods-especially silk Buddhism came to China from India

Buddhism Religion came from India

Vocabulary Bureaucracy- Officials appointed to do specific jobs Filial Piety- respect parents and rulers Legalism- Obey out of fear, not respect Mandate of Heaven- follow rulers who show virtues Chinese Writing- all the characters represent the whole word

Greece-Vocabulary acropolis-fortress on top of a hill Sparta-strict government with strong military democracy-form of government which people rule Greek mythology-stories of Greek gods, goddesses and heroes. peninsula-narrow piece of land extending into a body of water. Phoenician alphabet-borrowed from the Greeks Oligarchy-rich aristocrats(aristocracy), only a few rule

Aesop wrote fables used animals in his stories ended with a moral or lesson

Cleisthenes Father of Democracy Voting by show of hands Everyone could participate Gathered outdoors

Zeus King of the Gods

Athena Daughter of Zeus Goddess of Wisdom Patron god of Athens

Sparta Strict government Strong military Worked with citizens from Athens and other Greek city-states to defeat the Persians Women owned property, heads of house Both men and women had physical training

Greek Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

Greece city-states religion alphabet Olympics

Pericles Under his rule of democracy: Right to vote in assembly father of the Golden Age paid jurors a salary

Greek Philosophers 3 famous philosophers: Aristotle Plato Socrates

Minoans of Crete Characteristics: large palaces(Knossos) artistic styles pottery designs writing peaceful Mycenaeans borrowed many of these ideas Great shipbuilders

Geography Tall, rugged mountains made trade difficult Shallow rivers Separated city-states Stayed independent from each other

City-states Independent Similar religion Similar culture Shared Greek Olympics

Alexander the Great Son of Philip II Goal to rule the known world Died at age 32 Slept with a dagger

Persians Invaded Greece Sparta, Athens, and other city-states joined together to defeat Persians Runner ran from Marathon to Athens to report good news

Mycenaeans Took over Island of Crete Minoan society gone

Rome Roman Republic wealthy Romans elected officials that represented citizens Italy is shaped like a boot.

Julius Caesar Dictator changing calendar murdered by own senators

Punic Wars Fiercest of all wars Fought between Rome and Carthage Wars lasted almost 20 years Rome took control over Sicily

Romulus and Remus put in basket on Tiber River rescued and raised by wolf built city on Tiber River where saved by wolf Romulus killed brother due to mocking Named city after himself: Rome

Augustus Pax Romana spread across the Roman Empire Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman peace") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.LatinRoman peaceRoman Empire

Roman Religion associated with Greek religion

Decline of Western Roman Empire Political decline Corruption-threats and bribery Leadership no longer effective Invasions by Huns-barbarians

Jesus Romans were suspicious of him Thought he would challenge authority and take over the empire

Constantine Became a Christian in early 300’s Christians met in secret Removed bans on religion Christianity became Rome’s official religion

Constantinople Formerly called Byzantium capital of the Roman Empire