Fajčenie Vieme už všetko a prečo proti nemu bojovať? Alebo, Alebo, prečo by mohlo stáť za to prečo by mohlo stáť za to vypočuť si vypočuť si túto prednášku.

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Presentation transcript:

Fajčenie Vieme už všetko a prečo proti nemu bojovať? Alebo, Alebo, prečo by mohlo stáť za to prečo by mohlo stáť za to vypočuť si vypočuť si túto prednášku ? túto prednášku ? MUDr. Ladislav Križan Internista, klinický farmakológ

Obsah Nové formy a u nás menej časté spôsoby (po)užívania tabaku Nové formy a u nás menej časté spôsoby (po)užívania tabaku Fajčenie -epidemiologické údaje – svet, Slovensko Fajčenie -epidemiologické údaje – svet, Slovensko Fajčenie - vplyv na zdravie Fajčenie - vplyv na zdravie KV systém KV systém Nádorové ochorenia Nádorové ochorenia Zrak Zrak Reprodukčné zdravie Reprodukčné zdravie Čo nám prinesie nefajčenie a ako prestať fajčiť? Čo nám prinesie nefajčenie a ako prestať fajčiť? Prieskum medzi poslancami a zamestancami NR SR Prieskum medzi poslancami a zamestancami NR SR

Nové formy fajčenia

Snus – čo je to? „Cigaretová náhražka - jemně rozemletý tabák, zvlhčený vodou a ochucený solí a aromatickými látkami, který se vkládá do úst obvykle pod horní ret, kde se na sliznici rozpustí a v něm obsažený nikotin se rychle vstřebá do krve. Kuřák tak dostane do těla nikotin, aniž zamoří okolí kouřem. Nevzniká škodlivý dehet a oproti žvýkacímu tabáku není uživatel nucen plivat tvořící se sliny.“ „Cigaretová náhražka - jemně rozemletý tabák, zvlhčený vodou a ochucený solí a aromatickými látkami, který se vkládá do úst obvykle pod horní ret, kde se na sliznici rozpustí a v něm obsažený nikotin se rychle vstřebá do krve. Kuřák tak dostane do těla nikotin, aniž zamoří okolí kouřem. Nevzniká škodlivý dehet a oproti žvýkacímu tabáku není uživatel nucen plivat tvořící se sliny.“ V EU zakázaný, Švédsko má výnimku V EU zakázaný, Švédsko má výnimku Spojený so zvýšeným rizikom nádorov pankreasu (RR 2.0; 95% CI, a ) Spojený so zvýšeným rizikom nádorov pankreasu (RR 2.0; 95% CI, a ) a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Luo et al. Lancet Epub ahead of print; Accessed October 19, 2007.

Fajčenie vodnej fajky Voda neznižuje toxicitu tabaku Voda neznižuje toxicitu tabaku 1 hodinová seánsa = inhalácii dymu cigariet 1 hodinová seánsa = inhalácii dymu cigariet I tu vdychujeme CO, ťažké kovy a ďalšie karcinogény I tu vdychujeme CO, ťažké kovy a ďalšie karcinogény Signifikantné množstvo nikotínu sa dostane do nášho organizmu Signifikantné množstvo nikotínu sa dostane do nášho organizmu World Health Organization. Sajid et al. J Pak Med Assoc. 1993;43(9):

Epidemiológia

Fajčenie celosvetovo 1.3 miliardy fajčiarov 1 1.WHO. The World Health Report Chapter 6: Neglected global epidemics: three growing threats. Last accessed September Mackay J et al. The Tobacco Atlas. Second Edition, American Cancer Society.

Fajčiari - Slovensko v r Z dospelej populácie SR ( ) fajčí 38% Z dospelej populácie SR ( ) fajčí 38% Denní fajčiari: Denní fajčiari: cca 25 % = cca 25 % = Príležitostní fajčiari: Príležitostní fajčiari: cca 13% = cca 13% = Štatistická ročenka SR, 2006

Fajčenie - vplyv na zdravie

Fajčenie - vplyv na mortalitu celosvetovo 5 miliónov ľudí zomrie ročne na následky fajčenia 5 miliónov ľudí zomrie ročne na následky fajčenia 1.World Health Organization. Tobacco Free Initiative. Why is tobacco a public health priority? Last accessed July 2006http://

Úmrtnosť následkom fajčenia v Európe 1 Deaths from smoking Deaths from smoking 2000 Germany4,800,000108,000 Austria506,0008,900 Hungary899,00028,300 Greece420,00013,700 Ireland235,0005,729 Spain1,236,00045,400 Belgium813,00018, Czech Republic 414,00017,600 Slovakia162,0008, EU 25 24,000,000655,000 1.Peto R et al. Mortality from smoking in developed countries nd edition, revised June Last accessed January

Fajčenie a srdce Zvyšuje riziko náhlej srdcovej smrti asi 2.3 x (1) Zvyšuje riziko náhlej srdcovej smrti asi 2.3 x (1) Asi 2 x zvyšuje riziko nového IM po PTCA Asi 2 x zvyšuje riziko nového IM po PTCA a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age. Wannamethee et al. Circulation. 1995;91: a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for the baseline variables significantly associated with each end point. Hasdai et al. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:

Fajčenie a ischemická choroba dolných končatín 2.8 x zvyšuje riziko asymptomatickej ICHDK (1) 2.8 x zvyšuje riziko asymptomatickej ICHDK (1) 4x častejší je výskyt klaudikačných bolestí v lýtkach (2) 4x častejší je výskyt klaudikačných bolestí v lýtkach (2) Asi 2,5 x je väčšie riziko ICHDK ako ICHS (3) Asi 2,5 x je väčšie riziko ICHDK ako ICHS (3) 1. a The ratio of the odds of development of disease in exposed persons to the odds of development of disease in nonexposed persons. Adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors. Hooi et al. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998;16: Hooi et al. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998;16: ; Kannel et al. Geriatrics. 1973;28:61-68; 3. a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age and sex. Price et al. Eur Heart J. 1999;20(5):

Fajčenie a cievna mozgová príhoda 12-14% úmrtí na NCMP sa dáva do súvisu s fajčením (1) 12-14% úmrtí na NCMP sa dáva do súvisu s fajčením (1) U žien fajčiacich cigariet denne 2.9 x zvyšuje riziko NCMP (2) U žien fajčiacich cigariet denne 2.9 x zvyšuje riziko NCMP (2) 1. Goldstein et al. Stroke. 2006;37: ; Accessed October 19, a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age, follow-up period, history of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and relative weight (in 5 categories). Colditz et al. N Engl J Med. 1988;318(15):

Fajčenie a nádory

Fajčenie a nádory GIT a vylučovacieho systému Až 8 x zvyšuje riziko Ca hlasiviek (1) Až 8 x zvyšuje riziko Ca hlasiviek (1) Významne zvyšuje riziko Ca pažeráka, žalúdka a pankreasu (2) Významne zvyšuje riziko Ca pažeráka, žalúdka a pankreasu (2) Podobne i Ca močového mechúra a obličiek Podobne i Ca močového mechúra a obličiek 1. a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, fruit intake, vegetable intake, center, and alcohol drinking (years and grams of ethanol per week). Bosetti et al. Br J Cancer. 2002:87; ; Hashibe et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(7): a The probability of an event (developing a disease) occurring in exposed people compared with the probability of the event in nonexposed people. Lin et al. Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13:

Fajčenie a oči 4 x častejší je výskyt senilnej degenerácie sietnice, stále častejšej príčiny slepoty vo vyššom veku!! 4 x častejší je výskyt senilnej degenerácie sietnice, stále častejšej príčiny slepoty vo vyššom veku!! Prof. MUDr. Černák, TA3,2006

Fajčenie a gravidita

Fajčenie, fertilita a gravidita Fajčenie je spojené so: Fajčenie je spojené so: So zvýšenou incidenciou infertility So zvýšenou incidenciou infertility Zvýšeným rizikom zlyhania umelého oplodnenia Zvýšeným rizikom zlyhania umelého oplodnenia Zvýšenou incidenciou spontánnych potratov a predčasného pôrodu Zvýšenou incidenciou spontánnych potratov a predčasného pôrodu Zaostávaním rastu plodov Zaostávaním rastu plodov

Čo dosiahneme, ak nebudeme fajčiť? Zdravie Deti a krásu Spokojnú jeseň života Viac „všemocných“ peňazí

Ale ako prestať a natrvalo? Musíme chcieť !! Navštívme lekára! Fajčenie je závislosť! Bez pomoci nebudeme úspešní!! Nikotínové náhrady Najnovšie lieky: vareniklín