Training on AQM: common practices in Italy Scoping meeting on National Training System in PRC Beijing, May 28th

Sino-Italian Cooperation on Environment Protection 2000: Italian Ministry of the Environment and Territory (IMET) and the China State Environment Protection Administration (SEPA) Extended to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), several Municipalities and Universities (Tsinghua, Tongji, etc..) 57 projects: water resources management, renewable energies and energy efficiency, hydrogen technologies, sustainable agriculture, afforestation and land use management to combat the desertification, POPs and air quality (*by the CNR Institute for Atmopsheric Pollution).

13 December AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM: SUZHOU ( ) 2.INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM – TRAFFIC AIR POLLUTION: BEIJING ( ) 3.LABORATORY AND OLYMPIC VILLAGE MONITORING: BEIJING ( ) 4.AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM-GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION INVENTORY: LANZHOU ( ) 5.AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSIONS MONITORING : SHANGHAI ( ) 6.AIR QUALITY MONITORING IMPROVEMENT: URUMQI ( ) 7.REGIONAL AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT: BEIJING (2007) The Sino-Italian Cooperation Program for Environmental Protection

Future cooperation on AQM National Training System in PRC!!! 8. National Training System in PRC!!! Italian involvement to be clarified with SEPA and the other donor agencies by June 1°, 2007

Institutional background (1) AQM Plan is a series of actions aimed at mitigating the impact on air pollution of three main sectors: mobility, urban activities, industries Developed and enforced by the Provincial Government Shared by all municipal govs within the Province, the regional environmental and health protection agencies, national railway company, industrial associations, people

Institutional background (2) How is an AQM Plan developed? Directive 96/62/EC (Air Quality Framework Directive) D. Lgs. 351, DM60 and DM261, L.R. 3199* assessment, first draft and evaluation of environmental and strategic sustainability report Approval of the final doc, developed by several offices at provincial level, after it has been publicly commented and has been integrated with the feedbacks from provincial gov, social and economical associations and planning commettee of local entities (regional, provincial and municipal govs ) ≈ 3 years!!!

Beijing, June European legislation Directive 96/62/EC (Air Quality Framework Directive) Daughter Directive 1999/30/EC ( NOx, SO2, Pb and PM10 ) Daugther Directive 2002/3/CE ( ozone ) Daughter Directive 2000/69/EC ( benzene and carbon monoxide ) Directive 2004/107/EC ( arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ) Scoping mission for AQM Training Programme in China

Available courses for policy makers and technical staff Several courses are organized throughout Italy, by several entities – following changes in regulations – ad hoc Training system is decentralized, no national secretariat

Courses features By national and regional/provincial environmental protection agencies – broad scope (AQM, laws, dispersion modeling, monitoring criteria) By universities and research institutes – specific topics, advanced level, case studies By Excellency Centres (Milan: nanoparticles, Cuneo: dioxins, ecc…) By (software developing) private companies (ESRI, ) No specific target, no assessment prior to the trianing course, rather an answer to a need for training or for update of knowledge on specific topics 60/40 split between theory and practical learning Usually are 2 to 3 days long Average cost is 200 – 900 Euros (≈ 2000 – 9000 Rmb), but discounts are available for public officers and those belonging to environmental protection agencies Examination credits in universities No real incentives (but for certification purposes)

External resources training Researchers or PhD students from national centers or big universities are assigned temporarily to public offices – they bring in knowledge and “fresh air” – while learning practical issues and real life management.

Experience in China Training on Air Quality Monitoring in Italy and in China is part of each project (10 people for each EPB/project; training on instruments: 5 to 15 days) Importance of targeting the right people (motivation rather than rewarding criteria) Needs to be focused, not generic AQM. Smaller groups are preferred It is tailor–made for different levels and gaps to be filled Training courses are delivered in Chinese Site visits and show case of experience (construction sites, power stations) Methodological approach rather than a solution to a problem Sharing of experience (Suzhou acid rain tests, Shanghai CEMs) and inter- comparison of reference methods Allocation of staff in public institutions (temporary assignments: Shanghai, Wulumuqi, Suzhou*)

Key lessons for the proposed CAI-Asia Training Project DO'S Assessment of needs (study the gaps and listen to requirements) Encourage sharing of experience and expertise Train only motivated staff! Rewarding system for incentivating training opportunities for those who are committed Provide specific guidelines for specific problems or set priorities (traffic pollution monitoring, SO2 control in power plants)

XièXie