The Versailles Treaty

Land Reparations War Guilt League of Nations Military Restrictions The Versailles Treaty

German army reduced Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ The Versailles Treaty

Although President Wilson was the driving force behind the creation of the League of Nations, the United States did not join it. The League of Nations

The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied. German soldiers are dissatisfied.

The Great Depression

Economic economic functions controlled by state corporations or state Cultural Censorship Indoctrination Secret police Social Supported by middle class, industrialists and military Chief Examples Italy Spain Germany Political nationalist racist (Nazism) One-party rule Supreme leader Basic principles Authoritarianism State more important than the individual Charismatic leader Action oriented Characteristics of Fascism

Italy Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers

Rise of the Nazis Germany’s economic woes Political instability Fascism National Socialist German Workers’ Party

Adolf Hitler

The Nazis promoted a view of Germany as surrounded by enemies and threatened on all sides

Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933 The Nazis Gain Power

Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie IlDuce

Germany Rearms German troops march back into the Rhineland, March 1936

Hitler and Mussolini Rome-Berlin Axis Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis Alliance Building an Axis

The Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco

The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WWII? Italian troops in Madrid

The Destruction of Guernica

Isolationism Neutrality Acts FDR Lend-Lease The Atlantic Charter Churchill and FDR at sea during the Atlantic Charter talks American Foreign Policy, 1932–1941

America-First Committee Charles Lindbergh

The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

The “Problem” of the Sudetenland

Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain

1938: Hitler named Time’s Man of the Year 1938: Hitler named Time’s Man of the Year

Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

German Troops March into Warsaw

German Advances, 1939

France – False Sense of Security? The Maginot Line

European Theater of Operations

Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940

France Surrenders June, 1940

A Divided France Henri Petain

The French Resistance The Free French General Charles DeGaulle

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”