Part 5: Relevant International Agreements, Treaties, Memberships & Guidance 2 “The consequences of an act affect the probability of its occurring again.” B. F. Skinner ( )

Aquaculture’s 7 Risk Analysis Sectors 3

Key Treaties and Agreements Related to International Trade in Aquatic Animal Commodities ObligatoryTo Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (UNEP) Signatory countries Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Signatory Countries European Union (EU) related legislation and directives European Union Member Countries European Union Member Countries 3 rd party countries wishing to market to EU 3 rd party countries wishing to market to EU Aquatic Animal Health Code and Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals Members of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) 4

5 WTO SPS Agreement – Main Regulatory Instruments SectorInternational Standards-setting Body Food safety Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO) Animal health World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Plant life and health International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

6 WTO SPS Agreement – Animal Health World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE, formerly the Office International des Epizooties) OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code OIE Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animal Diseases OIE Aquatic Animal Health Commission OIE Reference Laboratories

Key Treaties and Agreements Related to International Trade in Aquatic Animal Commodities VoluntaryTo ICES Code of Practice on the Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms 2005 (ICES 2005) ICES Member Countries EIFAC Codes of Practice and Procedures for Introductions and Transfers of Marine and Freshwater Organisms (Turner 1988) European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Committee Asia Regional Technical Guidelines on Health Management for the Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals in Asia (TGBCIS) (FAO/NACA 2000) 21 participating countries in Asia 21 participating countries in Asia ASEAN member countries ASEAN member countries Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) (FAO 1995) Member Countries of the United Nations 7

Risks in Aquaculture: Some Important Guidance 8

FAO Voluntary Guidelines CCRF Aquaculture Development FAO CCRF Guidelines on Health Management for Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Animals FAO/NACA Asia Regional Technical Guidelines Manual of Procedures Asia Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases 9

Guidance Manuals: Pathogen Risk Analysis 10

Pathogen Risk Analysis: Completed Risk Analyses 11

Guidance Manuals: Post-Harvest Risk Analysis 12

Guidance: Introductions & Transfers 13

Guidance: Invasive Alien Species 14

Global Guidelines – Farm Level Better management practices (BMPs) Better management practices (BMPs) On-farm disease prevention (including quarantine) On-farm disease prevention (including quarantine) Surveillance and reporting of disease outbreaks Surveillance and reporting of disease outbreaks Emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness Compliance with national legislation Compliance with national legislation Information sharing and farmer education Information sharing and farmer education Certification Certification 15

16 Farm-level Health Management Dealing with day-to- day situations in farms, pond/farm health management is of prime importance in preventing, controlling and possibly eradicating serious diseases

17 Farmer Education

Many On-line Resources NACA/FAO Quarterly Aquatic Animal Disease Reports (Asia and Pacific Region) World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) - reports, updates, notifications OIE International Database for Aquatic Animal Diseases (OIE-listed diseases) Aquatic Animal Pathogen and Quarantine Information System (AAPQIS) 18

Many On-line Resources FAO Database on Introduced Aquatic Species (DIAS) FishBase (http\\ Completed Risk Analyses (Australia, New Zealand, Secretariat of the Pacific Community) National Aquatic Animal Health Strategies (Australia, Canada., etc) FAO Virtual Library (many publications) etc., etc. 19

Key Points International treaties and agreements attempt to reduce risks to biodiversity and national economic and social well being. Despite these best efforts, invasive aquatic species and TAADs continue to be spread, causing enormous negative impacts. The methods and knowledge to prevent such problems are well known – its their implementation that is the problem. 20

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