Cambodia: PSIA of Social Land Concession Program – Lessons Learned Third International Roundtable – Managing for Development Results Hanoi, Vietnam February 2007 Srey Chanthy Independent Consultant – Agriculture & Land

2 Outline 1.Key features 2.How PSIA complements other approaches 3.Relevance of technical, institutional and political aspects 4.How PSIA strengthens results orientation in design and implementation of the program 5.How to strengthen incorporation of results into policy making process 6.How PSIA strengthen mutual and domestic accountability 7.Challenges in capacity development and institutionalization of PSIA 8.Lessons learned

3 1. Key features: Objective and focus Objective: Determine the poverty and social impacts of land distribution and the conditions for the successful realization and sustainability of potential benefits Focus: E xtent and reasons for landlessness and land-poverty Institutional and policy issues Availability of support services and infrastructure Potential availability of land for distribution P otential poverty and social impacts

4 1. Key features: P r o c e s s First meetings with stakeholders (May 2003) ‘Concept Note’ for the PSIA Discussions with potential research partners Proposed studies were presented at a workshop (October 2003) Small workshop on methodological approach (November 2003) Fieldwork (December 2003) Draft reports on individual parts Workshop to present and discuss main findings and recommendations (May 2004) LASED Program

5 1. Key features: Partners and audience, and methodologies Partners and audience: – –MLMUPC – Social land concession working group(s) – –GTZ – through LMAP Project – –World Bank Task Team for this PSIA – –Oxfam GB – –ABiC – experienced local research/ANRM NGO – –Other stakeholders, incl. gov’t agencies (MAFF, MRD, etc.), donors, NGOs/CSOs, research agencies Research instruments / tools: – –Review and analysis of secondary literature – –Random sampling procedures – –PRA exercises and household survey

6 2. How PSIA complements other approaches currently used Provision of both qualitative and quantitative information about impacts of multidisciplinary aspectsProvision of both qualitative and quantitative information about impacts of multidisciplinary aspects Very limited ex ante analyses doneVery limited ex ante analyses done Other ex ante approaches (e.g. PPA, PIA) used not for specific program, policy reform …Other ex ante approaches (e.g. PPA, PIA) used not for specific program, policy reform … Consensus building among stakeholdersConsensus building among stakeholders Inclusion of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and influential groups (welfare and distributional impact)Inclusion of beneficiary, non-beneficiary and influential groups (welfare and distributional impact) Establishment of baseline and aspects for M&EEstablishment of baseline and aspects for M&E

7 3. Relevance of technical, institutional, and political aspects Technical:Technical: –Lacking familiarity with qualitative techniques or combined approaches –Issue of consensus on sampling procedures –Lacking involvement in analysis and result interpretation, incl. NIS Institutional:Institutional: –Weak capacity and appreciation of concerned agencies –Existence of political platform, strategy, certain legal framework –Now … under national statistics law, PSIA would be potentially under NIS depending on its size Political:Political: –No major issues – predictable and desirable impacts, yet to realize –Ownership – participation in the process, dissemination of and debate about results, use of results –Resource constraints (for this PSIA: US$8,4000.oo; 24 personnel, 4 months (from training to reporting))

8 4. How PSIA strengthens results orientation in design and implementation of the program Awareness of social land concession program committee at national levelAwareness of social land concession program committee at national level Several studies identified under PSIA followedSeveral studies identified under PSIA followed Important legal framework and guidelines considered, materialized and implementedImportant legal framework and guidelines considered, materialized and implemented Design of improved program, pilot sites chosen, etc. – LASEDDesign of improved program, pilot sites chosen, etc. – LASED Capacity building in pilot areas, …Capacity building in pilot areas, …

9 5. How to strengthen incorporation of results into policy making Building ownershipBuilding ownership Conducting policy advocacy/dialogueConducting policy advocacy/dialogue Building consensus on policies / strategies / measures [identified by PSIA]Building consensus on policies / strategies / measures [identified by PSIA] Pilot-testing the identified policies / strategies / measures – LASEDPilot-testing the identified policies / strategies / measures – LASED

10 6. How PSIA strengthen mutual and domestic accountability Characteristics of the eminent programs, and institutional roles, responsibilities and arrangements as well as obligations of all stakeholders revealed and discussedCharacteristics of the eminent programs, and institutional roles, responsibilities and arrangements as well as obligations of all stakeholders revealed and discussed Concerns and recommendations sharedConcerns and recommendations shared

11 7. Challenges in capacity development and institutionalization of PSIA Issue of familiarity and preference: quantitative vs. qualitative techniquesIssue of familiarity and preference: quantitative vs. qualitative techniques Complexity: multidisciplinary nature of impact analysisComplexity: multidisciplinary nature of impact analysis New approach, and thus limited appreciationNew approach, and thus limited appreciation Budgetary / priority issue: development vs. researchBudgetary / priority issue: development vs. research Research and analytical capacity of staffResearch and analytical capacity of staff Culture / perception of research within anchoring unit in each agency / bodyCulture / perception of research within anchoring unit in each agency / body

12 8. Lessons learned Building ownership through appropriate engagementBuilding ownership through appropriate engagement Building consensusBuilding consensus Conducting after-process policy advocacy/dialogueConducting after-process policy advocacy/dialogue Allocating adequate time and resourcesAllocating adequate time and resources Lacking streamlining of PSIA effort into the system ( because of (a) resource constraint, (b) capacity constraint, and lack of appreciation of the tools, and (c) lack of visibility of results)Lacking streamlining of PSIA effort into the system ( because of (a) resource constraint, (b) capacity constraint, and lack of appreciation of the tools, and (c) lack of visibility of results) In case of PIA/PPA, investment did not primarily match with priorities, but later increased, while time lapsesIn case of PIA/PPA, investment did not primarily match with priorities, but later increased, while time lapses

13 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!